Proceedings of the 16th Annual Joint Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education 2011
DOI: 10.1145/1999747.1999824
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Extreme apprenticeship method

Abstract: Programming is a craft that can be efficiently learned from people who already master it. Our previous work introduced a teaching method we call Extreme Apprenticeship (XA), an extension to the cognitive apprenticeship model. XA is based on a set of values that emphasize doing and best programming practices, together with continuous feedback between the master and the apprentice. Most importantly, XA is individual instruction that can be applied even in large courses. Our initial experiments (n = 67 and 44) re… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(5 citation statements)
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References 11 publications
(11 reference statements)
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“…In the blended approach an on-line setting has been implemented, where scaffolding is provided to the students by individual, asynchronous feedback messages. The results obtained with blended XA were positive, and comparable to those obtained with in-presence tuition and individual real time feedback by the original XA approach [12,14,15].…”
Section: A Extreme Apprenticeshipsupporting
confidence: 65%
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“…In the blended approach an on-line setting has been implemented, where scaffolding is provided to the students by individual, asynchronous feedback messages. The results obtained with blended XA were positive, and comparable to those obtained with in-presence tuition and individual real time feedback by the original XA approach [12,14,15].…”
Section: A Extreme Apprenticeshipsupporting
confidence: 65%
“…An innovative teaching methodology called eXtreme Apprenticeship (XA) was recently applied at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano. This methodology has been developed in 2010 at the University of Helsinki, and applied in Introduction to Programming courses [14], showing significant improvements over traditional formats of teaching [12,15]. The basic principles of XA are the following:…”
Section: A Extreme Apprenticeshipmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…One of the objective learning programming is to improve cognitive thinking process and self-efficacy, so this study develops the model of teaching strategy with adding other forms of scaffolding such as question. The Extreme Apprenticeship model (XA) is based on a set of values and practices that emphasize learning by doing together with continuous feedback as the most efficient means of learning [10][15] [16] [7]. XA begins with exercises that are simple and achievable by students.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Learners acquire a new cognitive skill, such as programming, by doing a large number of exercises, under the guidance of "masters", available to give them on-demand tutoring and feedback. XA has shown so far impressive achievements over traditional lecture-based formats of teaching, from the point of view of improvements both in grades and in percentages of successful students at the final exam [2].…”
Section: Xa For Operating Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%