Extreme Appraisals of Internal States and Duration of Remission in Remitted Bipolar Patients

Abstract

The results pointed out that dysfunctional cognitions may be utilized as possible indicators for the risk of relapse in clinical groups and vulnerability for BPD among other populations.

“When my Moods Drive Upward There Is Nothing I Can Do about It”: A Review of Extreme Appraisals of Internal States and the Bipolar Spectrum

“…In group studies comparing individuals with BD to other groups, individuals with BD consistently scored more highly on positive and negative appraisals of internal states compared to non-clinical controls ( Mansell, 2006 ; Alatiq et al, 2010 ; Mansell et al, 2011 ; Pavlickova et al, 2014 ; Ruggero et al, 2015 ; Tosun et al, 2015 ). Both extreme positive and negative appraisals (HAPPI) and positive self-referent appraisals of hypomanic states (HIQ) accurately predicted BD diagnosis ( Jones et al, 2006 ; Mansell and Jones, 2006 ; Mackali et al, 2014 ), controlling for current mood.…”

“…Nine studies explored cross-sectional associations between extreme appraisals and mood symptoms, predominantly using student samples ( Jones and Day, 2008 ; Mansell et al, 2008 ; Dodd et al, 2010 , 2011a , 2013 ; Dempsey et al, 2011 ; Kelly et al, 2011 , 2016 ; Tosun et al, 2015 ; Dodd and Haigh, 2017 ; Haigh and Dodd, 2017 ). Extreme appraisals of internal states were consistently positively associated with activated mood ( Jones et al, 2006 ; Jones and Day, 2008 ; Dodd et al, 2011a , 2013 ; Kelly et al, 2011 ; Dodd and Haigh, 2017 ; Haigh and Dodd, 2017 ).…”

“…The combination of positive and negative appraisals as assessed by the HAPPI has also been related to self-reported history of hypomanic symptoms (MDQ; Hirschfeld et al, 2000 ) in five non-clinical samples ( Mansell et al, 2008 ; Dodd et al, 2013 ; Mackali et al, 2014 ; Tosun et al, 2015 ; Kelly et al, 2016 ). However, Fisk et al (2015) report a null finding such that an abridged version of the HAPPI was not uniquely associated with manic symptoms on the Altman Rating Scale for Mania ( Altman et al, 1997 ), which measures a fuller range of manic symptoms than the ISS ( Bauer et al, 1991 ).…”

“…Three studies investigated cross-sectional associations between appraisals and outcomes in a clinical sample (see Supplementary Table S2 ). Appraisals were associated with length of remission, such that those who had been in remission longer endorsed fewer extreme and conflicting appraisals of internal states ( Tosun et al, 2015 ). Appraisals were positively associated with a lifetime history of manic symptoms and current depressive (but not manic) symptoms ( Lobban et al, 2013 ; Mackali et al, 2014 ).…”

Dysfunctional cognition in individuals with an increased risk for mania

“…Some studies found no differences in overall dysfunctional attitudes between healthy controls and in dividuals diagnosed with remitted BD (Alatiq et al, 2010;Lex et al, 2008;Lex et al, 2011;Mansell et al, 2011). Other studies found elevated DAS scores in patients with remitted BD relative to healthy control groups (Hollon et al, 1986;Jones et al, 2005;Scott et al, 2000;Tosun et al, 2015). However, dysfunctional attitudes refer to different areas, for example, achievement, dependency, and goal attainment.…”