Extreme 13Ccarb enrichment in ca. 2.0 Ga magnesite–stromatolite–dolomite–`red beds' association in a global context: a case for the world-wide signal enhanced by a local environment

Melezhik, Victor A.; Fallick, Anthony E.; Медведев, П. В.; Makarikhin, Vladimir V.

doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(99)00044-6

Cited by 207 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…To achieve the projected values of f, the C : P ratio in buried organic matter would have to be 4000 and the organicpreservation rate would have to be 6.6%, about fivefold higher than that observed in the Black Sea. Melezhik et al 1999). Stratigraphic columns indicate that some of the isotopically enriched carbonates are closely interbedded with shales (Buick et al 1998), others are described as 'nodular' (Bekker et al 2003).…”

Section: ð6:2þmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contents of 13 C in carbonates are frequently elevated, occasionally exceeding C10‰ (figure 8). Accepting these compositions as representative of the global pool of oceanic DIC would imply a near-trebling of f. Writing three years after Karhu & Holland (1996) published 'Carbon isotopes and the rise of atmospheric oxygen', Melezhik et al (1999) drew on additional data to define three apparently separate pulses of isotopic enrichment. That dissection of the record yields the three spikes in f that are represented by broken lines in figure 9a (alternative stratigraphic correlations yield only two spikes; Bekker et al 2003).…”

Section: ð6:2þmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time

Hayes

Waldbauer

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

425

308

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Earth's biogeochemical cycle of carbon delivers both limestones and organic materials to the crust. In numerous, biologically catalysed redox reactions, hydrogen, sulphur, iron, and oxygen serve prominently as electron donors and acceptors. The progress of these reactions can be reconstructed from records of variations in the abundance of 13 C in sedimentary carbonate minerals and organic materials. Because the crust is always receiving new CO 2 from the mantle and a portion of it is being reduced by photoautotrophs, the carbon cycle has continuously released oxidizing power. Most of it is represented by Fe 3C that has accumulated in the crust or been returned to the mantle via subduction. Less than 3% of the estimated, integrated production of oxidizing power since 3.8 Gyr ago is represented by O 2 in the atmosphere and dissolved in seawater. The balance is represented by sulphate. The accumulation of oxidizing power can be estimated from budgets summarizing inputs of mantle carbon and rates of organic-carbon burial, but levels of O 2 are only weakly and indirectly coupled to those phenomena and thus to carbon-isotopic records. Elevated abundances of 13 C in carbonate minerals ca 2.3 Gyr old, in particular, are here interpreted as indicating the importance of methanogenic bacteria in sediments rather than increased burial of organic carbon.

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Section: ð6:2þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ð6:2þmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time

Hayes

Waldbauer

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

425

308

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“…As discussed below, however, there is (contested) evidence that the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis could have preceded the isotopic peak by at least several hundred million years. Although the most enriched 13 C values were probably generated in restricted, evaporative basins, such enrichments may well have been mere additions to a global peak, as indicated by the global extent of the signal (Melezhik et al 1999(Melezhik et al , 2005a.…”

Section: The Evolving Ocean and Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoproterozoic supercontinents and global evolution: correlations from core to atmosphere

Reddy

Evans

2009

115

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The Palaeoproterozoic era was a time of profound change in Earth evolution and represented perhaps the first supercontinent cycle, from the amalgamation and dispersal of a possible Neoarchaean supercontinent to the formation of the 1.9-1.8 Ga supercontinent Nuna. This supercontinent cycle, although currently lacking in palaeogeographic detail, can in principle provide a contextual framework to investigate the relationships between deep-Earth and surface processes. In this article, we graphically summarize secular evolution from the Earth's core to its atmosphere, from the Neoarchaean to the Mesoproterozoic eras (specifically 3.0-1.2 Ga), to reveal intriguing temporal relationships across the various 'spheres' of the Earth system. At the broadest level our compilation confirms an important deep-Earth event at c. 2.7 Ga that is manifested in an abrupt increase in geodynamo palaeointensity, a peak in the global record of large igneous provinces, and a broad maximum in several mantle-depletion proxies. Temporal coincidence with juvenile continental crust production and orogenic gold, massive-sulphide and porphyry copper deposits, indicate enhanced mantle convection linked to a series of mantle plumes and/or slab avalanches. The subsequent stabilization of cratonic lithosphere, the possible development of Earth's first supercontinent and the emergence of the continents led to a changing surface environment in which voluminous banded iron-formations could accumulate on the continental margins and photosynthetic life could flourish. This in turn led to irreversible atmospheric oxidation at 2.4-2.3 Ga, extreme events in global carbon cycling, and the possible dissipation of a former methane greenhouse atmosphere that resulted in extensive Palaeoproterozoic ice ages. Following the great oxidation event, shallow marine sulphate levels rose, sediment-hosted and iron-oxide-rich metal deposits became abundant, and the transition to sulphide-stratified oceans provided the environment for early eukaryotic evolution. Recent advances in the geochronology of the global stratigraphic record have made these inferences possible. Frontiers for future research include more refined modelling of Earth's thermal and geodynamic evolution, palaeomagnetic studies of geodynamo intensity and continental motions, further geochronology and tectonic syntheses at regional levels, development of new isotopic systems to constrain geochemical cycles, and continued innovation in the search for records of early life in relation to changing palaeoenvironments.

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“…At present, no consensus exists on the causative mechanism(s) responsible for the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (Bekker et al, 2001(Bekker et al, , 2003aHayes and Waldbauer, 2006). The possible role of local factors in amplification of a global signal remains unresolved (Melezhik et al, 1999;Bekker et al, 2003aBekker et al, , 2003bAharon, 2005). Drillholes 4A, 5A, 10A, 10B, and 11A intersected 13 C-rich carbonates of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (Fig.…”

Section: "Coring" Through Major Paleoproterozoic Events and Paleoprotmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Great Oxidation Event Recorded in Paleoproterozoic Rocks from Fennoscandia

Melezhik

Lepland

Romashkin

et al. 2010

Scientific Drilling

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With support of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and other funding organizations, the Fennoscandia Arctic Russia – Drilling Early Earth Project (FAR-DEEP) operations have been successfully completed during 2007. A total of 3650 meters of core have been recovered from fifteen holes drilled through sedimentary and volcanic formations in Fennoscandia (Fig. 1), recording several global environmental changes spanning the time interval 2500–2000 Ma, including the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) (Holland, 2002). The core was meanwhile curated and archived in Trondheim, Norway, and it has been sampled by an international team of scientists

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Extreme 13Ccarb enrichment in ca. 2.0 Ga magnesite–stromatolite–dolomite–`red beds' association in a global context: a case for the world-wide signal enhanced by a local environment

Cited by 207 publications

References 125 publications

The carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time

The carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time

Palaeoproterozoic supercontinents and global evolution: correlations from core to atmosphere

The Great Oxidation Event Recorded in Paleoproterozoic Rocks from Fennoscandia

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