Extraversion and task performance: A fresh look through the workload history lens

Cox-Fuenzalida, Luz-Eugenia; Angie, Amanda D.; Holloway, Sheri; Sohl, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.02.003

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Differences in arousal levels between extroverts and introverts also have behavioral implications. For example, extroverts are less successful in vigilance tasks, which benefit from higher levels of arousal (Beauducel et al, 2006;Cox-Fuenzalida et al, 2006). Interestingly, these effects are predicted by social baseline theory.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Baselinesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cognitive Processes Unfold in a Social Context: A Review and Extension of Social Baseline Theory

Gross

Medina-DeVilliers

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Psychologists often assume that social and cognitive processes operate independently, an assumption that prompts research into how social context influences cognitive processes. We propose that social and cognitive processes are not necessarily separate, and that social context is innate to resource dependent cognitive processes. We review the research supporting social baseline theory, which argues that our default state in physiological, cognitive, and neural processing is to incorporate the relative costs and benefits of acting in our social environment. The review extends social baseline theory by applying social baseline theory to basic cognitive processes such as vision, memory, and attention, incorporating individual differences into the theory, reviewing environmental influences on social baselines, and exploring the dynamic effects of social interactions. The theoretical and methodological implications of social baseline theory are discussed, and future research endeavors into social cognition should consider that cognitive processes are situated within our social environments.

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Section: Individual Differences In Baselinesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cognitive Processes Unfold in a Social Context: A Review and Extension of Social Baseline Theory

Gross

Medina-DeVilliers

2020

Front. Psychol.

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“…Several authors have made a cogent case for studying individual differences in personality, motivation, cognitive abilities, and coping strategies in the study of ergonomics problems (Baldwin 2009;Cox-Fuenzalida, Swickert, and Hittner 2004;Cox-Fuenzalida et al 2006;Drury et al 2009;Eysenck 2010;Hancock, Hancock, and Warm 2009;Karwowski 2000;Matthews and Campbell 2009;Szalma 2008;Szalma and Taylor 2011;Szymura 2010;Verhagen 1993). In principle, such knowledge could be used to modify system designs so that individual differences no longer present meaningful variation in performance, to customise designs, and to take advantage of human capabilities and limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in the experience of cognitive workload

Guastello

Shircel

Malon

et al. 2014

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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This study investigated the roles of four psychosocial variables -anxiety, conscientiousness, emotional intelligence, and Protestant work ethic -on subjective ratings of cognitive workload as measured by the Task Load Index (TLX) and the further connections between the four variables and TLX ratings of task performance. The four variables represented aspects of an underlying construct of elasticity versus rigidity in response to workload. Participants were 141 undergraduates who performed a vigilance task under different speeded conditions while working on a jigsaw puzzle for 90 minutes. Regression analysis showed that anxiety and emotional intelligence were the two variables most proximally related to TLX ratings. TLX ratings contributed to the prediction of performance on the puzzle, but not the vigilance task. Severity error bias was evident in some of the ratings. Although working in pairs improved performance, it also resulted in higher ratings of temporal demand and perceived performance pressure.

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“…Extraverts are described as outgoing individuals who exhibit high levels of sociability and assertiveness, whereas introverts are typically quiet and reserved. In general, introverted observers' performance on vigilance tasks exceeds that of their extroverted counterparts (Broadbent 1959, Mackworth 1969, Koelega 1992, Rose et al 2002, Cox-Fuenzalida et al 2004), a result which has been explained by psychobiological theories of personality in which a cortico-reticular circuit controlling alertness is proposed to be more readily activated by stimulation in introverts than in extraverts (Eysenck et al 1985). Conscientiousness, which encompasses attributes of competence, dutifulness, order, achievement striving, self-discipline and deliberation (Costa and McCrae 1992), would appear to be a trait that would be beneficial to the successful completion of a tedious, time-demanding task such as vigilance.…”

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confidence: 99%