Extrauterine Growth of Mouse Egg-cylinders results in Malignant Teratoma

Solter, Davor; Škreb, N.; Damjanov, Ivan

doi:10.1038/227503a0

Cited by 157 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is not clear if this is because their cell-adhesion properties are incompatible with physical incorporation into the ICM or because they have lost competence to respond to developmental cues in the blastocyst. Egg cylinder epiblast does have the capacity to give rise to teratocarcinomas and EC cells, however (Solter et al 1970;Stevens 1970). Moreover, lineage tracing using vital dye labeling of single cells during early gastrulation ex vivo reveals progeny in all three germ layers (Lawson et al 1991), and egg cylinder epiblasts can be induced to form primordial germ cells at high efficiency (Hayashi et al 2011).…”

Section: Egg Cylinder Development and Episcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pluripotency in the Embryo and in Culture

Nichols

Smith

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

272

254

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SUMMARYSpecific cells within the early mammalian embryo have the capacity to generate all somatic lineages plus the germline. This property of pluripotency is confined to the epiblast, a transient tissue that persists for only a few days. In vitro, however, pluripotency can be maintained indefinitely through derivation of stem cell lines. Pluripotent stem cells established from the newly formed epiblast are known as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), whereas those generated from later stages are called postimplantation epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). These different classes of pluripotent stem cell have distinct culture requirements and gene expression programs, likely reflecting the dynamic development of the epiblast in the embryo. In this chapter we review current understanding of how the epiblast forms and relate this to the properties of derivative stem cells. We discuss whether ESCs and EpiSCs are true counterparts of different phases of epiblast development or are culture-generated phenomena. We also consider the proposition that early epiblast cells and ESCs may represent a naïve ground state without any prespecification of lineage choice, whereas later epiblasts and EpiSCs may be primed in favor of particular fates.

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Section: Egg Cylinder Development and Episcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pluripotency in the Embryo and in Culture

Nichols

Smith

2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

272

254

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“…Subsequent studies demonstrated that the origin of experimentally induced teratocarcinomas was not restricted to male germ cells; transplantation of pregastrulation stage embryos as young as the two-cell stage to either testes or kidney also results in teratocarcinoma formation (Stevens, 1968(Stevens, , 1970Solter et al, 1970). Interestingly, in this case it was possible to establish teratocarcinomas from a strain (C3H/H) that would not produce teratocarcinomas when genital ridges were transplanted (Solter et al, 1970). The cellular origin of teratocarcinoma-forming cells within the pregastrulation embryo was shown to be the epiblast (Diwan and Stevens, 1976).…”

Section: Teratocarcinomas and The Origin Of Ec Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-renewal of teratocarcinoma and embryonic stem cells

2004

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Pluripotent stem cells derived from preimplantation embryos, primordial germ cells or teratocarcinomas are currently unique in undergoing prolonged symmetrical self-renewal in culture. For mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, self-renewal is dependent on signals from the cytokine leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and from either serum or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In addition to the extrinsic regulation of gene expression, intrinsic transcriptional determinants are also required for maintenance of the undifferentiated state. These include Oct4, a member of the POU family of homeodomain proteins and a second recently identified homeodomain protein, Nanog. When overexpressed, Nanog allows ES cells to self-renew in the absence of the otherwise obligatory LIF and BMP signals. Although Nanog can act independent of the LIF signal, a contribution of both pathways provides maximal self-renewal efficiency. Nanog function also requires Oct4. Here, we review recent progress in ES cell self-renewal, relate this to the biology of teratocarcinomas and offer testable hypotheses to expose the mechanics of ES cell self-renewal.

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“…Although, testicular teratomas can only be induced in a limited number of strains, teratomas can also be formed from many strains of mice by the transplantation of rather earlier embryos, at the egg cylinder stage (about 7 days of development) to ectopic sites (Solter et al 1970(Solter et al , 1979. As in the spontaneous ovarian tumours derived from parthenogenotes, these embryos become disorganized and form teratomas or teratocarcinomas, depending upon the host strain into which the embryo is transplanted and, interestingly, not upon the genotype of the embryo itself.…”

Section: The Biology Of Teratocarcinomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

From teratocarcinomas to embryonic stem cells

Andrews

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

244

179

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The recent derivation of human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, together with results suggesting an unexpected degree of plasticity in later, seemingly more restricted, stem cells (so-called adult stem cells), have combined to focus attention on new opportunities for regenerative medicine, as well as for understanding basic aspects of embryonic development and diseases such as cancer. Many of the ideas that are now discussed have a long history and much has been underpinned by the earlier studies of teratocarcinomas, and their embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells, which present a malignant surrogate for the normal stem cells of the early embryo. Nevertheless, although the potential of EC and ES cells to differentiate into a wide range of tissues is now well attested, little is understood of the key regulatory mechanisms that control their differentiation. Apart from the intrinsic biological interest in elucidating these mechanisms, a clear understanding of the molecular process involved will be essential if the clinical potential of these cells is to be realized. The recent observations of stem-cell plasticity suggest that perhaps our current concepts about the operation of cell regulatory pathways are inadequate, and that new approaches for analysing complex regulatory networks will be essential.

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Extrauterine Growth of Mouse Egg-cylinders results in Malignant Teratoma

Cited by 157 publications

References 5 publications

Pluripotency in the Embryo and in Culture

Pluripotency in the Embryo and in Culture

Self-renewal of teratocarcinoma and embryonic stem cells

From teratocarcinomas to embryonic stem cells

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