Extrathyroidal extension ventrally to the thoracic wall of a papillary thyroid carcinoma

Hemi-mandibulectomy without bony reconstruction: A case report of mandibular metastasis from a silent differentiated papillary thyroid cancer

“…Papillary thyroid carcinoma has been considered as indolent cancer with lower propensity to metastasize to distant organs. In circumstances of delayed diagnosis or inadequate initial detection and treatment, however, we have reported some cases of papillary thyroid cancer with large bone resorption [ 10 ] and gross extrathyroidal extension [ 11 ]. Several factors including large tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, and certain aggressive variants are associated with distant metastases [ 2 , 12 ].…”

Extrathyroidal extension and cervical node infiltration are associated with recurrences and shorter recurrence-free survival in differentiated thyroid cancer: a cohort study

“…However, the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in Indonesia is also accompanied with the increasing mortality during the past two decades [ 6 , 7 ]. Around 2,200 deaths were associated with thyroid cancer in Indonesia in 2020 [ 6 , 8 , 9 ]. The increasing mortality rates might be associated with more advanced stages at diagnosis and lack of treatment facilities.…”

“…However, older age and metabolic comorbidity including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases have also been associated with an increased risk of mortality among thyroid cancer survivors. Cancers in low and middle-income countries are usually diagnosed in later stages hindering the patients’ prognosis and their quality of life [ 9 , 10 ]. Weak health system, poor accessibility to healthcare providers, and lower awareness have been associated with the delayed timing of diagnosis and treatment which might also affect the long-term prognosis [ 9 – 11 ].…”

“…Cancers in low and middle-income countries are usually diagnosed in later stages hindering the patients’ prognosis and their quality of life [ 9 , 10 ]. Weak health system, poor accessibility to healthcare providers, and lower awareness have been associated with the delayed timing of diagnosis and treatment which might also affect the long-term prognosis [ 9 – 11 ].…”