2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.013
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Extrathymically Generated Regulatory T Cells Establish a Niche for Intestinal Border-Dwelling Bacteria and Affect Physiologic Metabolite Balance

Abstract: The mammalian gut microbiota provides essential metabolites to the host and promotes the differentiation and accumulation of extrathymically generated regulatory T (pTreg) cells. To explore the impact of these cells on intestinal microbial communities, we assessed the composition of the microbiota in pTreg cell-deficient and -sufficient mice. pTreg cell deficiency led to heightened type 2 immune responses triggered by microbial exposure, which disrupted the niche of border-dwelling bacteria early during coloni… Show more

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Cited by 106 publications
(104 citation statements)
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“…These RORγt+ Tregs are induced by the presence of complex microbiota and provide anti-inflammatory functions [50] and have been shown to have a distinct repertoire [51]. For example, RORγt + pTregs responsive to the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate are generated in the gut [42] where they function to establish border-dwelling bacteria that protect against microbial exposure and normal metabolite profiles [43]. Therefore, we hypothesized that there would be a reduction in the Helios − and RORγt + pTreg populations in NOD CNS1 −/− females.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…These RORγt+ Tregs are induced by the presence of complex microbiota and provide anti-inflammatory functions [50] and have been shown to have a distinct repertoire [51]. For example, RORγt + pTregs responsive to the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate are generated in the gut [42] where they function to establish border-dwelling bacteria that protect against microbial exposure and normal metabolite profiles [43]. Therefore, we hypothesized that there would be a reduction in the Helios − and RORγt + pTreg populations in NOD CNS1 −/− females.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The gut microbiome might be linked to T1D due to the fact that the pLN is also a draining site for microbial antigens [59], and autoreactive cells have also shown cross-reactivity between microbial antigens and islet antigens [60,61]. In fact, recent characterization of the B6 CNS1 −/− mouse directly revealed that defects in gut pTreg generation alter gut microbiome colonization [42,43]. Since there is a change in gut Tregs in both NOD CNS1 −/− models generated, the ability to observe a similar disease phenotype in our NOD CNS1 −/− model might be masked by differences in gut microbiome composition.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Intestinal Tregs therefore appear well suited to avoid unwanted immune reactions to such ubiquitous antigens (1,2,4). As can be expected, the majority of Tregs in the mouse colon are microbial-specific (5)(6)(7), whereas most Tregs in the mouse SI respond to food antigens (4).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…For example, colonization by a subset of Clostridia enhanced anti-inflammatory phenotypes in mice 3 , and enrichment in specific members of the Bacteroides and Parabacteroides genera induced CD8+ T cell responses and anticancer activity in mice and marmosets 4 , as well as correlating with the abundance of these immune effectors in humans 5 . A multitude of experiments in mice have allowed for the determination of mechanisms by which intestinal mucosal-associated bacteria affect host physiology at the epithelial interface and systemically throughout their host 6,7 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%