Extrathoracic herniation of the lung with a review of the literature

Abstract

A case of extrathoracic herniation of the lung is described together with the radiological findings in this condition including the role of computed tomography (CT) in its management. In addition a review of the literature is presented which outlines the incidence, classification and clinical features of lung herniae. Some reference is made to possible methods of treatment.

Traumatic Evisceration of the Lung without Pneumothorax

“…Prolapse of the lung is extrathoracic herniation without the pleural sac but covered by normal skin [3].…”

Spontaneous lung herniation after a single cough

“…By 1968 there were an estimated 260 reported cases in the world literature [6]. Traumatic hernias are believed to arise more frequently from penetrating injuries than from blunt injuries [3,8]. Since 1968 various causes of intercostal lung hernias have been reported in adults, generally related to motor-vehicle accidents and seatbelt syndrome [7], rib fractures [8], thoracotomy [9,10], video-assisted minithoracotomy [11], blunt trauma [12], or cardiopulmonary resuscitation [13].…”

“…Traumatic hernias are believed to arise more frequently from penetrating injuries than from blunt injuries [3,8]. Since 1968 various causes of intercostal lung hernias have been reported in adults, generally related to motor-vehicle accidents and seatbelt syndrome [7], rib fractures [8], thoracotomy [9,10], video-assisted minithoracotomy [11], blunt trauma [12], or cardiopulmonary resuscitation [13]. Hernias that arise from blunt trauma are located more anteriorly, near the sternum, or posteriorly, where there is only a single layer of intercostal muscle [2].…”

“…Hernias that arise from blunt trauma are located more anteriorly, near the sternum, or posteriorly, where there is only a single layer of intercostal muscle [2]. Hernias complicating surgery are usually localized in the intercostal space [7,8,9,10,11]. Posttraumatic intercostal hernias can occur immediately after trauma or following a period of months or even years [14,15].…”

A clinical case of thoracic hernia after resection of the esophagus for its cancer

“…По локализации выделяют крайне редкие диафрагмальные грыжи, 1 / 3 составляют шейные и наи-более распространенные торакальные [1]. Ятрогенные грыжи грудной клетки являются частным случаем травма-тических и наиболее часто локализуются в межреберных промежутках [4][5][6][7][8]. При этом их возникновение может происходить как сразу после воздействия, так и через не-дели, месяцы и даже годы [9,10].…”