Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in the Axillary Region: Reports of Two Cases

Abstract

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (EMCs) are relatively uncommon, and a location in the upper extremity, especially in the shoulder or axillary region, is rare. Furthermore, the radiographic findings of EMCs do not show any features that distinguish them from other neoplasms, and therefore, definitive diagnoses are made based on histological features. EMC is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, and requires wide surgical excision. However, its treatment may involve peculiarities such as a difficulty in obtaining a proper surgical margin in the axillary region or shoulder. In this report, the authors present two rare cases of EMCs in the axillary region.

Primary Intracranial Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma: Clinical Mimicry as Glomus Jugulare

“…The most common sites of origin are long limbs, orbital wall, and rarely spinal meninges. It has also been reported in axillary and shoulder region as isolated case reports [1, 3,4] . ESMCS is a very rare pathologic entity with no specific clinical or radiologic characteristics to distinguish them from other neoplastic pathologies.…”

“…ESMCS is a rare neoplasm first described in clinical literature in 1959 by Lichenstein and Berstein [3,4] . There are 2 histological variants, mesenchymal and myxoid, out of which former is rarer, more aggressive, and carries poorer prognosis.…”

“…There are 2 histological variants, mesenchymal and myxoid, out of which former is rarer, more aggressive, and carries poorer prognosis. In about 30-40% cases, MCS have an extraskeletal origin [1, 3,4] . The most common sites of origin are long limbs, orbital wall, and rarely spinal meninges.…”

“…Unlike other variants, MCS is a fast growing tumor with frequent systemic metastases [1,2] . Extraskeletal MCS (ESMCS) is an extremely rare variant of MCS with no evidence of any primary intracranial ESMCS till date [3,4] . We describe our experience with the case of middle-aged female of primary ESMCS, managed as glomus jugulare tumor (GJT) by stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS).…”

Retroperitoneal Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma: A Very Rare Case Report

“…When these two types are compared, the mesenchymal type has a weaker prognosis and is more uncommon and aggressive (1,2). While an upper limb location is comparatively rare, the lower limbs, orbit, and meninges are frequent extraskeletal sites (3,4). Moreover, extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC) of the retroperitoneum is very uncommon (5).…”