Extraretinal Photoreceptors at the Compound Eye's Posterior Margin inDrosophila melanogaster

Yasuyama, Kouji; Meinertzhagen, I. A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990920)412:2<193::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 97 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In the butterfly Vanessa, for instance, only UV and green opsin transcripts were detected in the stemmata, while in hawkmoths, all three were found. In the Drosophila Hofbauer-Buchner eyelet, the homologue of the adult lepidopteran stemmata, the green-sensitive Rh5 and the blue-sensitive Rh6 rhodopsins were found to be expressed but, in contrast to lepidopterans, no UV-sensitive (Rh3 or Rh4) rhodopsin was detected (Malpel et al, 2002;Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 1999). In both instances, all opsins that are found in the stemmata are also expressed in the retina.…”

Section: Extra-retinal Opsin Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and expression of the UV opsin in bumblebees:three ommatidial subtypes in the retina and a new photoreceptor organ in the lamina

Spaethe

Briscoe

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

103

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SUMMARY Ultraviolet-sensitive photoreceptors have been shown to be important for a variety of visual tasks performed by bees, such as orientation, color and polarization vision, yet little is known about their spatial distribution in the compound eye or optic lobe. We cloned and sequenced a UV opsin mRNA transcript from Bombus impatiens head-specific cDNA and, using western blot analysis, detected an eye protein band of ∼41 kDa,corresponding to the predicted molecular mass of the encoded opsin. We then characterized UV opsin expression in the retina, ocelli and brain using immunocytochemistry. In the main retina, we found three different ommatidial types with respect to the number of UV opsin-expressing photoreceptor cells,namely ommatidia containing two, one or no UV opsin-immunoreactive cells. We also observed UV opsin expression in the ocelli. These results indicate that the cloned opsin probably encodes the P350 nm pigment, which was previously characterized by physiological recordings. Surprisingly, in addition to expression in the retina and ocelli, we found opsin expression in different parts of the brain. UV opsin immunoreactivity was detected in the proximal rim of the lamina adjacent to the first optic chiasm, which is where studies in other insects have found expression of proteins involved in the circadian clock, period and cryptochrome. We also found UV opsin immunoreactivity in the core region of the antennal lobe glomeruli and different clusters of perikarya within the protocerebrum, indicating a putative function of these brain regions, together with the lamina organ, in the entrainment of circadian rhythms. In order to test for a possible overlap of clock protein and UV opsin spatial expression, we also examined the expression of the period protein in these regions.

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Section: Extra-retinal Opsin Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and expression of the UV opsin in bumblebees:three ommatidial subtypes in the retina and a new photoreceptor organ in the lamina

Spaethe

Briscoe

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

103

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“…10). Such extended expression has not been observed in the adult visual system for either the Hofbauer-Büchner eyelet (Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 1999;Malpel et al, 2002) or the retinal photoreceptors (Wernet et al, 2006).…”

Section: Constant Red Light Abolishes Wild-type Per Oscillations In Tmentioning

confidence: 95%

Identifying Specific Light Inputs for Each Subgroup of Brain Clock Neurons inDrosophilaLarvae

Klarsfeld¹,

Picot²,

Vias³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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In Drosophila, opsin visual photopigments as well as blue-light-sensitive cryptochrome (CRY) contribute to the synchronization of circadian clocks. We focused on the relatively simple larval brain, with nine clock neurons per hemisphere: five lateral neurons (LNs), four of which express the pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) neuropeptide, and two pairs of dorsal neurons (DN1s and DN2s). CRY is present only in the PDF-expressing LNs and the DN1s. The larval visual organ expresses only two rhodopsins (RH5 and RH6) and projects onto the LNs. We recently showed that PDF signaling is required for light to synchronize the CRY Ϫ larval DN2s. We now show that, in the absence of functional CRY, synchronization of the DN1s also requires PDF, suggesting that these neurons have no direct connection with the visual system. In contrast, the fifth (PDF Ϫ ) LN does not require the PDF-expressing cells to receive visual system inputs. All clock neurons are light-entrained by light-dark cycles in the rh5 2 ;cry b , rh6 1 cry b , and rh5 2 ;rh6 1 double mutants, whereas the triple mutant is circadianly blind. Thus, any one of the three photosensitive molecules is sufficient, and there is no other light input for the larval clock. Finally, we show that constant activation of the visual system can suppress molecular oscillations in the four PDF-expressing LNs, whereas, in the adult, this effect of constant light requires CRY. A surprising diversity and specificity of light input combinations thus exists even for this simple clock network.

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“…The HofbauerBuchner (H-B) eyelet, a structure located between the retina and the lamina, communicates with the LNvs (Fig. 1C) (Hofbauer and Buchner 1989;Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen 1999;Malpel et al 2002). The H-B eyelet is a remnant of the larval Bolwig organ, which plays a developmental role in the normal arborization of the LNvs in the medulla (Malpel et al 2002).…”

Section: Input From the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination between Differentially Regulated Circadian Clocks Generates Rhythmic Behavior

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Young

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Specialized groups of neurons in the brain are key mediators of circadian rhythms, receiving daily environmental cues and communicating those signals to other tissues in the organism for entrainment and to organize circadian physiology. In Drosophila, the "circadian clock" is housed in seven neuronal clusters, which are defined by their expression of the main circadian proteins, Period, Timeless, Clock, and Cycle. These clusters are distributed across the fly brain and are thereby subject to the respective environments associated with their anatomical locations. While these core components are universally expressed in all neurons of the circadian network, additional regulatory proteins that act on these components are differentially expressed, giving rise to "local clocks" within the network that nonetheless converge to regulate coherent behavioral rhythms. In this review, we describe the communication between the neurons of the circadian network and the molecular differences within neurons of this network. We focus on differences in protein-expression patterns and discuss how such variation can impart functional differences in each local clock. Finally, we summarize our current understanding of how communication within the circadian network intersects with intracellular biochemical mechanisms to ultimately specify behavioral rhythms. We propose that additional efforts are required to identify regulatory mechanisms within each neuronal cluster to understand the molecular basis of circadian behavior. C ircadian rhythms are behavioral and physiological responses that allow anticipation of daily changes in the environment, such as day/ night cycles. Indeed, circadian rhythms are entrained by diurnal oscillations in light, temperature, and food availability, each of which can be considered a "zeitgeber," or "time giver." Such anticipatory behavior of daily events confers adaptive advantages on individuals that organize physiology around planetary rhythms, as well as within a species as a whole, for purposes of mating, cooperation, protection, etc. In a sense, rhythmic anticipation can be thought of as a primitive mechanism of planning and cognition.The circadian clock, consisting of transcriptional negative feedback loops, underlies the regulation of a ∼24-h behavioral rhythm. The molecular architecture of this feedback loop is conserved across the majority of multicellular organisms. In animals, the "master clock" is housed in specialized pacemaker neurons in the brain that coordinate various "peripheral clocks" throughout the organism to regulate daily physiological and behavioral changes.

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Extraretinal Photoreceptors at the Compound Eye's Posterior Margin inDrosophila melanogaster

Cited by 97 publications

References 79 publications

Molecular characterization and expression of the UV opsin in bumblebees:three ommatidial subtypes in the retina and a new photoreceptor organ in the lamina

Molecular characterization and expression of the UV opsin in bumblebees:three ommatidial subtypes in the retina and a new photoreceptor organ in the lamina

Identifying Specific Light Inputs for Each Subgroup of Brain Clock Neurons inDrosophilaLarvae

Coordination between Differentially Regulated Circadian Clocks Generates Rhythmic Behavior

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