Extrapolation of hydroxytyrosol and its analogues as potential anti-inflammatory agents

Olive Pomace Phenolic Compounds and Extracts Can Inhibit Inflammatory- and Oxidative-Related Diseases of Human Ocular Surface Epithelium

“…More recently, hydrogen bond interactions have been confirmed between the hydroxyl groups of HT and the Ser-530 residue of cyclooxygenase-2, inhibiting the expression of the enzyme [86]. It is also important to observe that TY, which does not have the 3-hydroxyl of HT, does not have any affinity with the enzyme, confirming the importance of the position of these groups [86].…”

“…For HT, the hydroxyl groups have been found to demonstrate strong interaction with the ASP348 protein of sirtuin 1 enzyme, upregulating its expression, and hence downregulating inflammatory response by vascular endothelial cells [85]. More recently, hydrogen bond interactions have been confirmed between the hydroxyl groups of HT and the Ser-530 residue of cyclooxygenase-2, inhibiting the expression of the enzyme [86]. It is also important to observe that TY, which does not have the 3-hydroxyl of HT, does not have any affinity with the enzyme, confirming the importance of the position of these groups [86].…”

Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Hydroxytyrosol and Homovanillic Alcohol Obtained from Olive Mill Wastewaters of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Production

“…14−16 Recently, the ability of HT and of some of its analogues to fit into the catalytic domain of COX-2 regulating the anti-inflammatory response has been reported. 17 HT can undergo further metabolization in the organism; its major identified metabolite in humans is the methylated derivative homovanillic alcohol (HA), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2methoxyphenol, produced by the activity of catechol-Omethyltransferase that is also naturally present in EVOO. 18 Despite the scarcity of studies on HA, those conducted have shown that this molecule exerts an antioxidant activity comparable to that of HT in simple chemical systems.…”

“…The structure of HT contains a catechol moiety, and HT has been investigated and successfully tested for its free-radical scavenging activity. − This is mainly due to the presence of the two adjacent hydroxyl groups, to the conjugation and the resonance effects, and also to the ability to improve the stability of the corresponding phenoxyl radicals formed by the hydrogen-transfer reaction. − The role of HT in promoting health benefits by lowering oxidative stress in biological systems such as human cells and plasma has also been investigated. − Recently, the ability of HT and of some of its analogues to fit into the catalytic domain of COX-2 regulating the anti-inflammatory response has been reported …”

“…Despite the scarcity of studies on HA, those conducted have shown that this molecule exerts an antioxidant activity comparable to that of HT in simple chemical systems. In fact, HT and HA both inhibit H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage in kidney cells and can protect other cells in culture against peroxide-induced renal epithelial injury. ,− …”