“…Nevertheless, there is behavioural and physiological evidence for polarization sensitivity from all classes of vertebrates, apart from mammals (with the exception of humans) (for recent reviews, see Muheim, 2011;Åkesson, 2014;McGregor et al, 2014;Meyer-Rochow, 2014a;Meyer-Rochow, 2014b;Roberts, 2014). Amphibian and reptilian polarization sensitivity is primarily mediated by extraocular photoreceptors in the pineal gland (Adler and Taylor, 1973;Taylor and Adler, 1978), the frontal organ (Taylor and Ferguson, 1970;Justis and Taylor, 1976) and in the parietal eye (Freake, 1999;Beltrami et al, 2012). In fish, in contrast, polarization reception appears to be predominantly ocular, even though a role of the pineal gland cannot be excluded (Willis et al, 2009).…”