Extranodal Hodgkin Disease: Spectrum of Disease

Abstract

Extranodal lesions in Hodgkin disease may develop and spread to virtually any organ system, simulating other neoplastic or infectious diseases. It is important to determine whether extranodal involvement represents a primary manifestation or dissemination of systemic disease, which has a poorer prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred modality, although ultrasonography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may also be helpful. CT is superior to conventional radiography in assessing chest disease, although MR imaging is more sensitive than CT in detecting chest wall involvement. CT is preferred for evaluating hepatic lymphoma and has proved particularly valuable in diagnosing gastric lymphoma and detecting renal or perirenal masses. CT and MR imaging are equally effective in detecting brain Hodgkin disease; however, the latter is superior in the detection of extracerebral tumor deposits in the subdural or epidural space. MR imaging is also preferred for evaluating meningeal and spinal cord involvement. Both MR imaging and CT allow excellent assessment of bone texture and accurate analysis of tumoral bone invasion, but MR imaging is superior in demonstrating bone marrow infiltration, and CT is superior in delineating the extent of cortical bone destruction. In the future, metabolic positron emission tomography may provide more information about extranodal lymphoma than do the current imaging modalities.

Extensive Extranodal Involvement of Rare Sites in Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Detected on 18F- FDG PET-CT: A Case Report

“…Heart and pericardium are rarely involved in NHL. The involvement is usually revealed by cardiac complications and is associated with a poor prognosis [21,22]. Few cases of cardiac involvement in NHL have been reported, both primary and metastatic, detected by 18 F-FDG PET-CT [9][10][11].…”

Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow Involvement in Patients with High-Grade Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

“…However, early lymphomatous bone involvement with a normal CT appearance may be depicted by 18 F-FDG PET [5]. Moog and coworkers found 18 F-FDG PET/CT to be more sensitive and specific than 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy for the detection of osseous involvement by lymphoma [6], and many recent studies have concluded that 18 F-FDG PET/CT has a significant role to play at baseline and for the evaluation of treatment response and restaging of malignant lymphoma.…”

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-positive Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Larynx: A Rare Clinical Entity

“…1,3,13,14 NHLs amounts to the majority of the extranodal lymphomas in the head and neck region. [15][16][17][18] Lymphoid aggregations in the Waldeyer's ring is the commonest site in the head neck region for extranodal lymphomas. [15][16][17][18] Extranodal primary laryngeal NHLs account to less than 1% of the laryngeal neoplasms.…”

“…[15][16][17][18] Lymphoid aggregations in the Waldeyer's ring is the commonest site in the head neck region for extranodal lymphomas. [15][16][17][18] Extranodal primary laryngeal NHLs account to less than 1% of the laryngeal neoplasms. 3 Usually the laryngeal lymphomas are of a high grade and the low grade tumors are usually arising from MALT.…”