Extraneous epithelial cells from thromboplastin in cell blocks

Henwood, Anthony; Charlton, Amanda

doi:10.1111/cyt.12129

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Rabbit brain or lung tissue as a source of commercial thromboplastin can cause problems by contamination by rabbit epithelial cells and may lead to erroneous interpretation, so cell-free tromboplastin should always be used [2, 42]. Samples from patients with anticoagulation therapy are another challenge for clotting techniques.…”

Section: Plasma-thrombin/thromboplastin Clot Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques

Krogerus

Kholová

2018

Acta Cytologica

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Objective: The cell block (CB) technique refers to the processing of sediments, blood clots, or grossly visible tissue fragments from cytological specimens into paraffin blocks that can be cut and stained by the same methods used for histopathology. The technique brings additional tissue architectural information. CB can be used for ancillary techniques such as immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques. Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the various preparatory techniques of CBs. Results: There is a wide range of preparatory techniques for CBs and no golden standard for CBs exists: tens of methods are used in various institutions. The majority of the methods are modified in house techniques with a few commercially available kits. The techniques most commonly used are the plasma/thrombin method, the agar method, and commercially available Histogel- and Cellient CB-methods. Dissatisfaction with the cellular yield of the CBs is common. Conclusions: In the CBs, the cytological material is preserved for future use, which is a tremendous advantage in the era of targeted therapy and biobanking. The CB is thus central to the future of cytology: more can be done with less material and with less invasiveness to the patient.

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Section: Plasma-thrombin/thromboplastin Clot Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques

Krogerus

Kholová

2018

Acta Cytologica

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“…Although the unpredictability of clot formation and clot size in the plasma thrombin technique may cause an uneven concentration of cells, one can overcome this problem by the use of continuous agitation during clot formation to disperse the cell population evenly throughout the fibrin mesh. Some commercially available thromboplastin reagents prepared from rabbit lung or brain contain epithelial cells, which may lead to erroneous interpretation of the case . Thus, cell‐free thromboplastin should be chosen for this method.…”

Section: Methods Of Cb Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell blocks in cytopathology: a review of preparative methods, utility in diagnosis and role in ancillary studies

2014

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The cell block (CB) is a routine procedure in cytopathology that has gained importance because of its pivotal role in diagnosis and ancillary studies. There is no precise review in the published literature that deals with the various methods of preparation of CB, its utility in diagnosis, immunocytochemistry (ICC) or molecular testing, and its drawbacks. An extensive literature search on CB in cytology using internet search engines was performed for this review employing the following keywords: cell block, cytoblock, cytology, cytopathology, methods, preparation, fixatives, diagnostic yield, ancillary and molecular studies. Ever since its introduction more than a century ago, the CB technique has undergone numerous modifications to improve the quality of the procedure; however, the overall principle remains the same in each method. CBs can be prepared from virtually all varieties of cytological samples. In today's era of personalized medicine, cytological specimens, including CBs, augment the utility of cytological samples in analysing the molecular alterations as effectively as surgical biopsies or resection specimens. With the availability of molecular targeted therapy for many cancers, a large number of recent studies have used cytological material or CBs for molecular characterization. The various techniques of CB preparation with different fixatives, their advantages and limitations, and issues of diagnostic yield are discussed in this review.

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“…Thrombin is also derived from rabbit or sheep brain and is subject to extensive testing and quality control. However, there is one report of contamination of CBs by extraneous epithelial cells present in thromboplastin sourced by Biomerieux (Australia) [11]. Alginate being a chemical substance is free of any biological contaminant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Alginate versus Plasma Thrombin Cell Blocks in Diagnostic Cytopathology: A Comparative Analysis

et al. 2021

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Background: Cell blocks (CBs) are an essential adjunct in cytopathology practice. The aim of this study was to compare 2 techniques of CB preparation – plasma thrombin (PT) method with sodium alginate (SA) method for overall cellularity, morphological preservation, obscuring artefacts, immunocytochemistry (ICC), suitability for molecular analysis, and cost of preparation. Design: A total of 80 fine-needle aspirates from various sites and serous effusion samples were included. Of these cases, by random selection, 40 each were prepared by PT method and SA methods, respectively. The haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded CBs from both methods were evaluated in a blinded fashion by 2 cytopathologists and scored for cellularity, artefacts, and morphological preservation and analysed by χ2 test with Yates correction. We evaluated 6 cases from each method by ICC for a range of membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear marker expression. DNA was extracted from four cases to evaluate their utility for molecular analysis. Results: CB sections from PT and SA techniques showed comparable cellularity and excellent cytomorphological preservation. Blue gel-like artefacts were common in the SA technique but did not interfere with morphological evaluation. ICC staining results were also similar. DNA yield and utility for PCR were also comparable. The SA-CB cost half that of PT-CB (USD 0.4 vs. USD 1). Conclusion: SA technique of CB preparation is an excellent low-cost alternative to PT method for CB preparation.

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Extraneous epithelial cells from thromboplastin in cell blocks

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques

Cell Block in Cytological Diagnostics: Review of Preparatory Techniques

Cell blocks in cytopathology: a review of preparative methods, utility in diagnosis and role in ancillary studies

Sodium Alginate versus Plasma Thrombin Cell Blocks in Diagnostic Cytopathology: A Comparative Analysis

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