Extramitochondrial release of hydrogen peroxide from insect and mouse liver mitochondria using the respiratory inhibitors phosphine, myxothiazol, and antimycin and spectral analysis of inhibited cytochromes

Bolter, Caroline J.; Chefurka, W.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(90)90232-n

Cited by 112 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This enzyme is located in the outer leaflet of the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyses the oxidation of cytoplasmic sn-glycerol phosphate by ubiquinone, through which it feeds cytoplasmic reducing equivalents into the general electron transport chain. O~ production has been experimentally measured at this location (87) in Drosophila, and it is likely that it is a significant source of 02; production in insect flight muscles (87). However, its limited distribution in mammals makes it unlikely to be the main O2~-producer in the mitochondrion.…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of O~ Formation and Biochemical Characteristimentioning

confidence: 94%

The nature and mechanism of superoxide production by the electron transport chain: Its relevance to aging

Muller

2000

AGE

120

123

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Most biogerontologists agree that oxygen (and nitrogen) free radicals play a major role in the process of aging. The evidence strongly suggests that the electron transport chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is the major source of reactive oxygen species in animal cells. It has been reported that there exists an inverse correlation between the rate of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production by mitochondria and the maximum longevity of mammalian species. However, no correlation or most frequently an inverse correlation exists between the amount of antioxidant enzymes and maximum longevity. Although overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and CAT (as well as SOD1 alone) have been successful at extending maximum lifespan in Drosophila, this has not been the case in mice. Several labs have overexpressed SOD1 and failed to see a positive effect on longevity. An explanation for this failure is that there is some level of superoxide damage that is not preventable by SOD, such as that initiated by the hydroperoxyl radical inside the lipid bilayer, and that accumulation of this damage is responsible for aging. I therefore suggest an alternative approach to testing the free radical theory of aging in mammals. Instead of trying to increase the amount of antioxidant enzymes, I suggest using molecular biology/ transgenics to decrease the rate of superoxide production, which in the context of the free radical theory of aging would be expected to increase longevity. This paper aims to summarize what is known about the nature and mechanisms of superoxide production and what genes are involved in controlling the rate of superoxide production.

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Section: Thermodynamics Of O~ Formation and Biochemical Characteristimentioning

confidence: 94%

The nature and mechanism of superoxide production by the electron transport chain: Its relevance to aging

Muller

2000

AGE

120

123

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“…Mechanism of action: Initial studies carried out on different animals reported non-competitive binding of cytochrome oxidase by phosphine leading to valency change in the heme component of hemoglobin 15,16 , but later studies reported significant inhibition of catalase leading to accumulation of hydrogen peroxide 17 . More recent studies reported extra-mitochondrial release of hydrogen peroxide and liberation of oxygen free radicals 18 causing lipid peroxidation and protein denaturation of cell membrane leading to hypoxic cell damage. However, the exact mechanism of action of ALP is still unclear …”

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confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Study of Fatal Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning At Rajkot

Chaudhary¹

2013

iosrphr

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Abstract:-Major occupation in Saurashtra region of Gujarat is farming with majority of population living in rural areas where the cases of accidental and suicidal poisoning are common and incidences are increasing day by day due to the use of pesticides for a wider variety of purposes. A detailed knowledge about the nature and magnitude of the poisoning cases in this particular area is not only important for early diagnosis and prompt treatment but also it may help to form policies to curb the access of the population to certain very toxic substances. The present study was undertaken in the department of Forensic Medicine at Rajkot (Gujarat) to know the pattern of fatal poisoning. Total 208 cases of death due to fatal poisoning were selected for this prospective study, which were brought to us for postmortem examination during the span of one year (From January 2007 to December 2007. Various aspects like relation with age, sex, kind of poison, hospitalization, caste and time between consumption and death were noted in 208 cases of poisoning. Our study revealed that most of the victims of fatal poisoning were Hindus, married males of middle socio-economic status who died due to self ingestion of some poison. Male: Female ratio was found to be 1.36:1. In the present study higher number of fatal poisonings episodes can be ascribed to pesticides but on the basis of WHO classification of poison, Aluminium Phosphide is most common fatal poison.

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“…Phosphine is a nucleophile and acts as a strong reducing agent that is capable of inhibiting cellular enzymes involved in several metabolic processes (15)(16)(17). The reactions that phosphine causes at the cellular level give rise to various disorders and failures in organs and systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Type of Suicide Attempt in East Turkey: Acute Zinc Phosphide Poisoning

Gökdemir¹,

Kaya²,

Söğüt³

et al. 2013

JAEM

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the clinic and demographic profile of patients who attempt suicide by poisoning with zinc phosphide. Material and Methods: All cases presenting to the ED from January 1 st 2009 to April 30 th 2011 due to Acute Zinc Phosphide Poisoning were retrospectively reviewed. Results: All cases had taken the pharmaceutical product in an attempt to commit suicide. The average age of the cases was 25.4 years. Sixteen of the cases were female (76%), and five (24%) were male; all of the cases who died were female. In terms of marital status, 4 (19%) of the cases were single or unmarried. A total of 8 (38%) cases were unconscious and had low pH levels (<7.35), and 9 (43%) cases had signs of shock, such as hypotension and tachycardia. The average level of bicarbonate in the arterial blood gas of the cases was 23.20 mmol/L and the average amount of time (admission time) taken to bring the patients from the place where they were poisoned to the ED was 2.40 hours. According to the autopsy results of the dead patients, there were findings of liver congestion, liver necrosis, pancreatic edema and hemorrhagic points together with inflammation in the kidneys. Conclusion: Although it is a rare form of suicide attempt, the mortality rate for patients with zinc phosphide poisoning is high. Early resuscitation can have positive effects on morbidity and mortality. Patients who suffer from zinc phosphide poisoning must be monitored under intensive care conditions. (JAEM 2013; 12: 76-9 Olguların yaş ortalaması 25,4 yıl idi. Olguların 16'sı (%76) bayan ve 5'i (%24) erkek idi; ölen olguların hepsi bayan idi. Dört (%19) olgu bekar veya yanlızdı. Sekiz (%38) olguda şuur kaybı ve düşük pH (<7,35) düzeyi ve 9 (%43) olguda hipotansiyon ve taşikardi gibi şok bulguları vardı. Ortalama bikarbonat düzeyi 23,20 mmol/L ve zehirlenmenin olduğu yer ile acil servise kabul edilinceye kadar geçen zaman ortalaması 2,40 saat idi. Otopsi sonuçlarına göre ölen olgularda,karaciğer konjesyonu,karaciğer nekrozu,pancreas ödemi ve böb-reklerde kanama odakları ile beraber enflamasyon vardı. Sonuç: Nadir bir özkıyım şekli olmasına rağmen, çinko fosfid zehirlenmesi olan hastalar için mortalite oranı yüksektir. Erken müdahale mortalite ve morbiditeye olumlu etki yapabilir. Çinko fosfid zehirlenmesine maruz kalan hastaların yoğun bakım şartlarında takibi yapılmalıdır. (JAEM 2013; 12: 76-9) Anahtar kelimeler: Özkıyım girişimi, çinko fosfid, zehirlenme, acil servis

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Extramitochondrial release of hydrogen peroxide from insect and mouse liver mitochondria using the respiratory inhibitors phosphine, myxothiazol, and antimycin and spectral analysis of inhibited cytochromes

Cited by 112 publications

References 31 publications

The nature and mechanism of superoxide production by the electron transport chain: Its relevance to aging

The nature and mechanism of superoxide production by the electron transport chain: Its relevance to aging

An Epidemiological Study of Fatal Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning At Rajkot

A Rare Type of Suicide Attempt in East Turkey: Acute Zinc Phosphide Poisoning

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