Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review.

Byrd, John C.; Edenfield, William J.; Shields, David J.; Dawson, Nancy A.

doi:10.1200/jco.1995.13.7.1800

Cited by 534 publications

(499 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…1 The radiologic appearance of myeloid sarcoma can be distinctive enough for a presumptive diagnosis. 5 Localized irradiation, red blood cell transfusions, surgical excision, decompressive laminectomy and chemotherapy including hydroxyurea are most commonly used in therapy for extramedullary myeloid diseases. 1 Localized therapy has no apparent effect on long-term outcomes, independent of systemic therapy.…”

Section: General Benign Emhmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…49 Myeloid sarcoma is an infrequent finding in adults (2-3%), but can be considerably more common in pediatric patients (up to 30% in some series). 5 Although specific situations exist in which the presence of myeloid sarcoma has little effect on outcome, in general it heralds a poor prognosis. 5,[49][50][51][52] Sites of involvement vary depending on the exact underlying disorder, age of patient and the presentation (eg preceding or concurrent with systemic disease).…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the most common sites, in order of decreasing frequency, are spleen, lymph node, skin, bone, small intestine, orbit, breast, cervix, nasal sinus, mediastinum and brain. 5,54 Less common sites include pericardium/ …”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations

2007

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Extramedullary proliferations of bone marrow elements are infrequently encountered in routine pathology practice. On occasion, they can present diagnostic difficulties when seen in unusual or unanticipated sites. This review serves to cover aspects of underlying embryogenesis of myeloid elements, as well as sites and circumstance of benign proliferations of myeloid elements along with their occasional confusion with neoplastic myeloid proliferations. Benign proliferations associated with hematologic disorders and hematopoietic growth factors are discussed. Immunohistochemical evaluation of myeloid proliferations is considered as well. Modern Pathology (2007) 20, 405-415.

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Section: General Benign Emhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations

2007

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“…The expression of CD56 is one of the most adverse risk factors in patients with AML [5][6][7]. Although CD56 expression in AML with t(8;21) has been associated with extramedullary manifestations [8][9][10][11][12] and multidrug resistance [13,14], its clinical and prognostic significance has not been clearly defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictable prognostic factor of CD56 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with t(8:21) after high dose cytarabine or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

et al. 2006

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CD56 expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been associated with extramedullary leukemia and multidrug resistance, but its clinical and prognostic significance has not been clearly identified. This study examined CD56 expression in 37 adult de novo AML patients with t(8:21). CD56 was expressed in 25 cases (67.6%). Complete remission (CR) rates were similar in both groups (91.7% vs. 88.7%; P = 0.73), but the relapse rates differed considerably (60% vs. 25%; P = 0.02). The median duration of disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly shorter in the CD56+ (median, 12.2 ± 6.4 months) than in the CD56À group (median, not reached) (P = 0.02). In addition, the median duration of survival differed significantly in the CD56+ group (median, 14.9 ± 4.4 months) compared with the CD56À group (median, not reached) (P = 0.01). Of the fifteen transplanted patients who achieved CR, allogeneic HST was performed from their siblings. The median duration of DFS in the CD56+ patients was significantly shorter than the CD56À patients (median, 24.4 ± 4.5 months vs. median, not reached; P = 0.02). We concluded that CD56 expression correlates to a reduced DFS and survival for AML patients with t(8:21), including those patients who underwent transplantation. Am. J.

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“…They may also present as a single mass mimicking lymphoma; therefore, careful workup with the aid of immunohistochemistry is needed. Cytogenetic analysis in patients with concurrent leukemia and granulocytic sarcomas has been remarkable for translocations of t(8;21)(q22:q22) [1], and abnormalities of chromosome 16. Karyotypic analysis of the marrow in our patient was normal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated extramedullary myeloid tumor of the gallbladder without involvement of the bone marrow

Bartley

Nelson

et al. 2006

American J Hematol

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Extramedullary myeloid tumors (myeloid sarcomas) are rare neoplasms that are composed of myeloid precursors. They usually arise concurrently with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, or other myeloproliferative disorders. They may also indicate relapsing disease in a patient with a prior history of leukemia or myeloproliferative disorder. We present our findings of a 63-year-old female diagnosed with extramedullary myeloid tumor first presenting in the gallbladder. She subsequently developed respiratory failure; pre-and postmortem bone marrow studies were negative for leukemia by morphology, flow cytometry, and karyotypic analysis. However, the myeloid neoplasm was disseminated throughout most of her remaining organs. Immunohistochemical stains of the cells indicated a neoplasm of myelomonocytic derivation (CD4, CD43, CD45, CD68, myeloperoxidase, and lysozyme positive). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an extramedullary myeloid neoplasm of the gallbladder with disseminated disease without involvement of the bone marrow. Am. J. Hematol. 82:65-68, 2007. V V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review.

Abstract: Many advances in diagnoses and treatment of EML have been made. Future investigations are needed to define the clinical significance of EML in patients with ANLL treated with modern chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation.

Cited by 534 publications

References 182 publications

Benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations

Benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations

Predictable prognostic factor of CD56 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with t(8:21) after high dose cytarabine or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Disseminated extramedullary myeloid tumor of the gallbladder without involvement of the bone marrow

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