Extramedical Use of Prescription Pain Relievers by Youth Aged 12 to 21 Years in the United States

Meier, Elizabeth A.; Troost, Jonathan P.; Anthony, James C.

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.209

Cited by 45 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Past-year and lifetime prevalence rates for nonmedical use are informative, but ultimately may convey more information about persistence in nonmedical use than the timing of initiation among youth. To produce reliable age-specific incidence rates for nonmedical use (i.e., peak ages of onset), it is necessary to separate first-time users from sporadic or persistent nonmedical users by excluding the latter from the sample, or by separately analyzing data from these two different types of users (Austic et al, in press; Deandrea et al, 2013; Harris et al, 2008; Meier et al, 2012). The present study is one of only a few to estimate peak age of onset for nonmedical use (Austic et al, in press; Deandrea et al, 2013; Meier et al, 2012), and is the only nationally representative study to produce age-specific incidence rates for nonmedical use of stimulants among young people in the United States (US).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To produce reliable age-specific incidence rates for nonmedical use (i.e., peak ages of onset), it is necessary to separate first-time users from sporadic or persistent nonmedical users by excluding the latter from the sample, or by separately analyzing data from these two different types of users (Austic et al, in press; Deandrea et al, 2013; Harris et al, 2008; Meier et al, 2012). The present study is one of only a few to estimate peak age of onset for nonmedical use (Austic et al, in press; Deandrea et al, 2013; Meier et al, 2012), and is the only nationally representative study to produce age-specific incidence rates for nonmedical use of stimulants among young people in the United States (US). Age-specific incidence rates for youth provide crucial information needed to design timely and effective primary prevention initiatives because they identify ages of lower risk directly preceding ages of peak risk for starting to misuse another person’s prescription or misuse one’s own prescription without a physician’s knowledge (Deandrea et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each year the NSDUH is administered to a new nationally representative sample of the US population and asks about past-year and lifetime nonmedical use of a broad range of prescription stimulants. In contrast with studies reporting mean age of onset (see results from the 2012a NSDUH study, SAMHSA, 2013a), the present study uses a meta-analytic approach that treats each NSDUH year’s independent sample – from 2004 to 2012 – as a separate study to identify peak ages at which young people in the US are most likely to start nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (i.e., first time nonmedical use in the past-year; Austic et al, in press; Deandrea et al, 2013; Harris et al, 2008; Meier et al, 2012). Based on epidemiological estimates previously published, it was anticipated that the present study would identify a peak risk for first time nonmedical use of prescription stimulants starting during the early college years (McCabe et al, 2014; McCabe and West, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak ages of risk for starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants

Austic

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background To produce population-level, year- and age-specific risk estimates of first time nonmedical use of prescription stimulants among young people in the United States. Methods Data are from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health 2004–2012; a nationally representative probability sample survey administered each year. Subpopulations included youths aged 12 to 21 years (n=240,160) who had not used prescription stimulants nonmedically prior to their year of survey assessment. A meta-analytic approach was used to produce population-level age-, year-, and cohort-specific risk estimates of first time nonmedical use of prescription stimulants. Results Peak risk of starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants was concentrated between ages 16 and 19 years, when an estimated 0.7% to 0.8% of young people reported nonmedical use of these medicines for the first time in the past twelve months. Smaller risk estimates ranging from 0.1% to 0.6% were observed at ages 12 to 15 years and 20 to 21 years. Compared with males, females were more likely to have started nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (odds ratio = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13–1.62), particularly between the ages of 14 and 19. Females showed a peak annual incidence rate of 1% at age 18, while males the same age showed an incidence rate of 0.5%. Conclusions Peak annual incidence rates for nonmedical use of prescription stimulants were observed between the ages of 16 and 19 years. There is reason to initiate interventions during the earlier adolescent years to prevent youths from starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak ages of risk for starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants

Austic

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…14 Between 20% and 40% of high school students reported that narcotics other than heroin are relatively easy to obtain. 25,26 The increased availability of opioids may be an unintended consequence of initiatives aimed at aggressive pain management. 2,8,27 One study of the US poison center data found that the number and severity of opioid-related cases reported to poison centers increased significantly in the 7 years after the Joint Commission pain initiatives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Prescription Opioid Use in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients

Mazer‐Amirshahi¹,

Mullins²,

Rasooly³

et al. 2014

Pediatric Emergency Care

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“…The peak age of onset for initiating NPOU is 16 years, 9 and a sharp increase occurs in the number of ED visits involving NPOU and NPSU in late adolescence. 1 Also, in 2011, of the 3.1 million persons aged $12 years who used drugs for the first time, approximately 1 in 5 initiated nonmedical use of prescription drugs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonmedical Prescription Opioid and Sedative Use Among Adolescents in the Emergency Department

Whiteside

Walton²,

Bohnert

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Unintentional overdose and emergency department visits secondary to nonmedical use of prescription drugs are on the rise with peak age of onset in midadolescence for these risk behaviors. Also, risk behaviors, such as substance use and violence, tend to cluster. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Approximately 1 in 10 adolescents or young adults using the emergency department endorse nonmedical prescription opioid or sedative use in the past year. Rates of current opioid or sedative prescriptions are low among this group. abstract OBJECTIVES: Nonmedical prescription opiate use (NPOU) and nonmedical prescription sedative use (NPSU) are serious public health concerns. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and emergency department (ED) visit characteristics and other correlates associated with past-year NPOU and NPSU among adolescents and young adults using the ED. METHODS:Participants aged 14 to 20 presenting to the ED at the University of Michigan Medical Center between September 2010 and September 2011 were systematically recruited. A computerized self-report screening survey with validated items measuring past-year NPOU, NPSU, substance use, and violence was delivered to participants, and a retrospective chart review was performed. RESULTS:Of the 2135 participants (86.0% response rate), 222 (10.4%) reported either NPOU or NPSU. Among the 185 (8.7%) participants that reported NPOU, 14.6% had a current home prescription for an opioid and among the 115 (5.4%) with NPSU, 12.3% had a current home prescription for a sedative. After controlling for demographics (age, gender, race, public assistance), correlates of NPOU or NPSU included other substance use, and drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Additional correlates of NPOU included receiving an intravenous opioid in the ED and for NPSU, dating violence, presenting to the ED for a noninjury complaint, and previous ED visit in the past year.CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 1 in 10 young people who use the ED for care report NPOU or NPSU, and only 12.3% and 14.6% report having current home prescriptions for sedatives and opioids. The ED represents a key location for screening and intervention efforts. Pediatrics 2013;132:825-832

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Extramedical Use of Prescription Pain Relievers by Youth Aged 12 to 21 Years in the United States

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Peak ages of risk for starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants

Peak ages of risk for starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants

Trends in Prescription Opioid Use in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients

Nonmedical Prescription Opioid and Sedative Use Among Adolescents in the Emergency Department

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