Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C

Gordon, Stuart C.

doi:10.1159/000171547

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…9,13,20,21,22,23 Various extrahepatic manifestations have been associated with HCV, such as cryoglobulinemia, glomerulonephritis, neuropathy, as well as autoimmune diseases such as vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, thyroid disease and monoclonal gammopathy. 15,21,24,25,26 The mechanisms by which viruses in general, and HCV in particular, trigger or enhance autoimmunity can be explained in various ways. 27,28,29,30 According to one theory, viruses may non-specifically trigger immune regulatory cells, such as lymphocytes or macrophages, inducing them to react with self-antigens in multiple organs, and therefore cause tissue injury as well as extrahepatic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients occasionally present with systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, glomerulonephritis, porphyria, cryoglobulinaemia, polyarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis and dermatomyocsitis. 14,15,16 HCV variants have been classified into six distinct genotypes (type 1-6) on the basis of overall sequence similarity. These genotypes may also be divided further into subtypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Autoantibodies in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Oman

Alnaqdy¹,

Alfahdi²,

Al-Kobaisi³

et al. 2003

Ann Saudi Med

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Background: HCV genotype patterns and HLA types in the Omani population may be unique. Subjects and Methods: Tests for 12 different autoantibodies were carried out on 50 HCV-infected patients and on 27 HCV-seronegative controls. An immunoassay for the detection of anti-HCV antibodies was performed on patient and control sera. HCV PCR was carried out on those sera which were positive for HCV antibodies. Results: All patients' sera were positive for HCV antibodies and all control sera were negative. Sixty-six percent of patients were positive for at least one autoantibody. In contrast, only 33% of the controls showed positivity for one or more autoantibodies. Conclusion: This study found a significant difference in the prevalence of autoantibodies between patients and controls, and between organ-and non-organ specific autoantibodies among the patients. A comparison with autoantibody patterns reported for HCV-infected patients in other parts of the world suggest that patterns in HCVinfected individuals in the Omani population are unique.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Autoantibodies in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Oman

Alnaqdy¹,

Alfahdi²,

Al-Kobaisi³

et al. 2003

Ann Saudi Med

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“…Infections such as congenital rubella, hepatitis C and Epstein--Barr virus (EBV) on the other hand may cause persistent IgA de¢ciency. 20 In one case report, IgA de¢-ciency was acquired in a recipient from an IgA-de¢-cient donor after bone marrow transplantation. 21 …”

Section: Acquired or Secondary Immunoglobulin A Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical significance of immunoglobulin A deficiency

2007

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“…These manifestations result from lymphoproliferative and/or autoimmune mechanisms, and occur in 40 to 75% of patients with chronic HCV infection (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus infection, cryoglobulinemia, and peripheral neuropathy: a case report

Vigani

Macedo-de-Oliveira

Pavan

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is essentially hepatotropic but its manifestations can extend beyond the liver. It can be associated with autoimmune diseases, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, and lymphoproliferative disorders. The mechanisms that trigger these manifestations are not completely understood. We describe a 48-year-old man with chronic HCV infection (circulating HCV RNA and moderate hepatitis as indicated by liver biopsy), cryoglobulinemia, and sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy. The diagnosis of multineuropathy was confirmed by clinical examination and electromyographic tests. A nerve biopsy revealed an inflammatory infiltrate in the perineurial space and signs of demyelination and axonal degeneration. The patient had no improvement of neurological symptoms with the use of analgesics and neuro-modulators. He was then treated with interferon-α (3 million units subcutaneously, 3 times per week) and ribavirin (500 mg orally, twice a day) for 48 weeks. Six months after the end of therapy, the patient had sustained viral response (negative HCV RNA) and remission of neurological symptoms, but cryoglobulins remained positive. A review of the literature on the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological manifestations associated with HCV infection is presented. This report underscores the need for a thorough evaluation of HCV-infected patients because of the possibility of extrahepatic manifestations. Antiviral treatment with interferon and ribavirin can be effective and should be considered in patients with neurological complications associated with HCV infection. Correspondence

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Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C

Cited by 63 publications

References 40 publications

Prevalence of Autoantibodies in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Oman

Prevalence of Autoantibodies in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Oman

The clinical significance of immunoglobulin A deficiency

Hepatitis C virus infection, cryoglobulinemia, and peripheral neuropathy: a case report

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