Extrahepatic Biliary Tract in Chinchilla (<i>Chinchilla laniger</i>, Molina)

Nowak, E.; Kuchinka, Jacek; Szczurkowski, Aleksander; Kuder, T

doi:10.1111/ahe.12137

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In animals that have a large gallbladder, the morphology of the biliary tract is highly variable. For example, the biliary tract of the long‐tailed chinchilla ( Chinchilla laniger ) forms multiple anastomosing ductal networks (Nowak et al, ), while that of the related guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus ) is similar to humans (Baumgarten and Lauge, ; Cai and Gabella, ). Thus, hepatobiliary morphology has frequently changed in rodents, and the morphology of the mouse hepatobiliary system could be somewhat derived in comparison to those of humans, dogs, shrews, and guinea pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the Murine Hepatobiliary System: A Whole‐Organ‐Level Analysis Using a Transparency Method

Higashiyama

Sumitomo

Ozawa

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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The biliary tract is a well-branched ductal structure that exhibits great variation in morphology among vertebrates. Its function is maintained by complex constructions of blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscles, the socalled hepatobiliary system. Although the mouse (Mus musculus) has been used as a model organism for humans, the morphology of its hepatobiliary system has not been well documented at the topographical level, mostly because of its small size and complexity. To reconcile this, we conducted whole-mount anatomical descriptions of the murine extrahepatic biliary tracts with related blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscles using a recently developed transparentizing method, CUBIC. Several major differences from humans were found in mice: (1) among the biliary arteries, the arteria gastrica sinistra accessoria was commonly found, which rarely appears in humans; (2) the sphincter muscle in the choledochoduodenal junction is unseparated from the duodenal muscle; (3) the pancreatic duct opens to the bile duct without any sphincter muscles because of its distance from the duodenum. This state is identical to a human congenital malformation, an anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ducts. However, other parts of the murine hepatobiliary system (such as the branching patterns of the biliary tract, blood vessels, and nerves) presented the same patterns as humans and other mammals topologically. Thus, the mouse is useful as an experimental model for studying the human hepatobiliary system. Anat Rec, 299:161-172, 2016. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the Murine Hepatobiliary System: A Whole‐Organ‐Level Analysis Using a Transparency Method

Higashiyama

Sumitomo

Ozawa

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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“…For example, many ductal variations exist among rodents with a gallbladder. In some cases, branching of the biliary tract is seen (e.g., chinchillas [ 29 ]), while in others the duodenal opening of the pancreatic duct is entirely separated from that of the biliary duct, although these ducts share the same opening in many rodents (e.g., prairie dogs and guinea pigs [ 10 ]). This variation in connectivity is considered to be unrelated to dietary and life history factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy of the hepatobiliary systems in quail and pigeon, with a perspective for the gallbladder-loss

Higashiyama

Kanai‐Azuma

2021

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Although the gallbladder is one of the characteristic component of the vertebrate body, it has been independently lost in several lineages of mammals and birds. Gallbladder loss is a widely reported phenomenon; however, there have been few descriptive comparisons of entire hepatobiliary structures between birds with and without a gallbladder. Here, we discuss the evolution of avian hepatobiliary morphology by describing the gross anatomy of the hepatobiliary system in the quail and pigeon. Quails have two major extrahepatic bile ducts: the right cystic-enteric duct, which has a gallbladder, and the left hepatic-enteric duct, which does not. Together with two pancreatic ducts, they share one opening to the ascending part of duodenum. Pigeons lack a gallbladder, but also have two extrahepatic ducts similar to those of quails. However, the hepatic-enteric duct opens solely to the descending part of the duodenum close to the stomach. The pancreatic duct opens to the very posterior part of the duodenum independent from the biliary tracts, giving rise to three separate openings in the duodenum. The hepatobiliary anatomy of the pigeon represents a highly derived condition not only because of gallbladder loss. Avian gallbladder loss may be related to remodeling of the entire hepatobiliary system, and may have occurred via a different mechanism from that of mammals, which can be explained simply by the disappearance of the gallbladder primordium.

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“…On the other hand, the branching pattern of the tract is also changed markedly in some animals that have complete gallbladders, such as the network‐like tract in the chinchilla (Nowak et al. ). The length of the structures in the biliary system and the branching pattern of the small arteries also vary, even in the same species (Higashiyama et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and development of the extrahepatic biliary system in mouse and rat: a perspective on the evolutionary loss of the gallbladder

et al. 2017

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The gallbladder is the hepatobiliary organ for storing and secreting bile fluid, and is a synapomorphy of extant vertebrates. However, this organ has been frequently lost in several lineages of birds and mammals, including rodents. Although it is known as the traditional problem, the differences in development between animals with and without gallbladders are not well understood. To address this research gap, we compared the anatomy and development of the hepatobiliary systems in mice (gallbladder is present) and rats (gallbladder is absent). Anatomically, almost all parts of the hepatobiliary system of rats are topographically the same as those of mice, but rats have lost the gallbladder and cystic duct completely. During morphogenesis, the gallbladdercystic duct domain (Gb-Cd domain) and its primordium, the biliary bud, do not develop in the rat. In the early stages, SOX17, a master regulator of gallbladder formation, is positive in the murine biliary bud epithelium, as seen in other vertebrates with a gallbladder, but there is no SOX17-positive domain in the rat hepatobiliary primordia. These findings suggest that the evolutionary loss of the Gb-Cd domain should be translated simply as the absence of a biliary bud at an early stage, which may correlate with alterations in regulatory genes, such as Sox17, in the rat. A SOX17-positive biliary bud is clearly definable as a developmental module that may be involved in the frequent loss of gallbladder in mammals.

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Extrahepatic Biliary Tract in Chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger, Molina)

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Anatomy of the Murine Hepatobiliary System: A Whole‐Organ‐Level Analysis Using a Transparency Method

Anatomy of the Murine Hepatobiliary System: A Whole‐Organ‐Level Analysis Using a Transparency Method

Comparative anatomy of the hepatobiliary systems in quail and pigeon, with a perspective for the gallbladder-loss

Anatomy and development of the extrahepatic biliary system in mouse and rat: a perspective on the evolutionary loss of the gallbladder

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