Extrafloral nectary morphology and the role of environmental constraints in shaping its traits in a common Cerrado shrub (Maprounea brasiliensis A. St.-Hill: Euphorbiaceae)

Delgado, Marina Neves; Báo, Sônia Nair; Amaral, Luís; Rossatto, Davi Rodrigo; Morais, H.

doi:10.1007/s40415-014-0062-5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This pattern is frequent in EFNs and is also observed in other botanical families, e.g., Fabaceae, Meliaceae and Passifloraceae (Elias 1972(Elias , 1980Elias et al 1975;Durkee 1982;Morellato & Oliveira 1994;Paiva et al 2001;Paiva & Machado 2006). Elias (1972) noted that EFNs of Pithecellobium macradenium Pittier (Fabaceae) become inactive in old leaves, as in Maprounea brasiliensis (Delgado et al 2014). For this reason, the authors hypothesized that the end of secretory activity is associated with the leaf life cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Presumed domatia are actually extrafloral nectaries on leaves of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae)

et al. 2016

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Presumed domatia are actually extrafloral nectaries on leaves of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae), a species from the Brazilian savannah, is associated with foraging ants, which leads to the description of the structure of its leaves as domatia. However, the ants collect secretions on the leaves, a phenomenon that inspired us to elucidate this structure. To this end, we conducted an analysis of the distribution, micromorphology, anatomy and histochemistry of these supposed domatia. They are located in the axil of thicker leaf veins and are composed of glandular trichomes which exude glucose; they are, therefore, described here as extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). The nectariferous trichomes are located at the same level as the other epidermal cells on young leaves, while in mature leaves they were found in depressions of the leaf blade. The secretory activity of EFNs is limited to juvenile phases, becoming degenerated in mature leaves. Carbohydrates and lipophilic compounds were detected in the produced secretion. It can be concluded that the presence of ants foraging leaves to collect from EFNs indicates a mutualistic interaction, with the plant providing a sugar resource to the ants in return for protection against herbivory since they are present in developing leaves. Key words: Cashew, extrafloral nectary, glandular trichomes, histochemistry, nectar. ResumoSupostas domácias foliares de Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae) são na realidade nectários extrafloraisAnacardium humile, uma espécie do cerrado brasileiro, está associada a formigas forrageadoras, o que leva à descrição da estrutura presente em suas folhas como domácias. No entanto, as formigas coletam a secreção das folhas, um fenômeno que inspirou este estudo, que visa justamente elucidar esta estrutura. Por esta razão, foi realizada uma análise da distribuição, micromorfologia, anatomia e histoquímica das supostas domácias. Elas estão localizadas nas axilas das nervuras foliares de maior calibre e são compostas por tricomas glandulares. Os tricomas exsudam glicose, portanto, são descritos aqui como nectários extraflorais (NEFs). Os tricomas nectaríferos estão localizados no mesmo nível que as células da epiderme em folhas jovens, enquanto, nas folhas maduras, foram encontradas nas depressões da lâmina foliar. A atividade secretora nos NEFs é limitada a fases juvenis, degenerando em folhas maduras. Carboidratos e substâncias lipofílicas foram detectados na secreção produzida. Pode-se concluir que a presença de formigas forrageando folhas para coleta nos NEFs indica uma interação mutualística, com a planta fornecendo recursos para as formigas em troca de proteção contra herbivoria, uma vez que as mesmas estão presentes em folhas ainda em desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: Caju, nectário extrafloral, tricomas glandulares, histoquímica, néctar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Presumed domatia are actually extrafloral nectaries on leaves of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae)

et al. 2016

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“…Nectar was collected after 96 hours of the application of the treatment from at most four EFNs per plant when it was possible to collect the secreted nectar, with a total of five plants per treatment. Nectar was collected in the morning (between 08:00 and 10:00 a.m.) with a 0.5‐ml syringe, diluted in 500 μl of distilled water and stored in tubes in liquid nitrogen in the field and then stored at −80 °C in the laboratory (Delgado et al 2014; Delgado et al 2017). The composition of sugars was determined by high‐performance anion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection in a CarboPac™ PA10 (2 × 250 mm) column, using an isocratic eluent with 200 mM of NaOH in water for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of sugars was determined by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection in a CarboPac™ PA10 (2 Â 250 mm) column, using an isocratic eluent with 200 mM of NaOH in water for 30 min. Sugar (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and total soluble sugar concentrations of EFNs were calculated using Chromeleon Software from a standard curve of glucose, fructose, and sucrose (Delgado et al, 2011(Delgado et al, , 2014(Delgado et al, , 2017.…”

Section: Leaf Cutting Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extrafloral nectariesmediated defense occurs mainly due to the presence of ants in plants that can attack herbivores in exchange for nectar (Cuautle & Rico-Gray, 2003;Katayama & Suzuki, 2003;Yamawo, 2021) or only in order to discourage herbivores to consume the plant (Oliveira & Freitas, 2004). In this way, the quantity and size of EFNs in aerial plant parts have a fundamental importance in mediating such ecological interactions by means of nectar production (Delgado et al, 2011(Delgado et al, , 2014Delgado et al, 2017). Nectar production is costly to the plant and requires energy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The role of leaf cutting and fire on extrafloral nectaries and nectar production in Stryphnodendron adstringens (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) plants

Delgado

Morais

Rossatto

2022

Plant Species Biology

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Herbivory pressure is an important ecological aspect to determine quantitative variation in plant defenses, such as the number of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and their nectar amount and quality. Extrafloral nectaries can attract ants, which can be considered a type of induced plant defense. Besides, plants tend to invest more in defense when they are more vulnerable to herbivores. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate if Stryphnodendron adstringens (Fabaceae), a common Cerrado tree species, when subjected to damage (by manual leaf cutting and experimental fire) would produce a greater number of EFNs and changes its nectar quality on newly produced leaves in comparison with plants not subjected to these treatments. Leaf damage was performed artificially directly on the plant branches and at the entire plant canopy (by means of scissors or fire events). Extrafloral nectary density was higher in new leaves produced after the treatment application (artificial herbivory and fire) in comparison with plants under control treatment. The amount of nectar was also higher under treatments in comparison with control, with a significant change on nectar quality in plants subjected to the treatments of artificial herbivory.The results provided support for the hypothesis that EFNs are an inducible defensive strategy in S. adstringens, confirming the existence of phenotypic plasticity given environmental pressures.

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“…For example, at the beginning of expansion the leaf is red, presenting high levels of anthocyanin and low photosynthetic activity, while the mature leaf is dark green, with a low amount of anthocyanin and high photosynthetic activity (NII et al, 1995). To sum up, these adaptive responses to the environment, called phenotypic plasticity, may occur due to herbivory, nutrient availability in the soil, humidity, degree of light incidence and organ age (ROSSATTO; KOLB, 2010;DELGADO et al, 2013;DELGADO et al, 2014;, with leaves being the organs with greater plasticity within the plants (DICKISON, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of expansion time and sunlight radiation on the functional and anatomical traits of mango tree leaves

Azeredo

Mendes

Joko

et al. 2018

R. Agrogeoambiental

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The mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) is cultivated on a large scale in Brazil for economic purposes. Since the leaves, as the main photosynthetic organs, play an essential role in fruit production, the primary objective of the present study was to analyze comparatively the morphological characteristics of leaves at different stages of expansion and of leaves exposed to different levels of solar radiation. Leaves were collected at the beginning of expansion, during intermediate expansion and when completely expanded, and sun and shade leaves were compared. The individuals were adult plants without flowers and fruits located along the South Lake, Brasília. The leaves were analyzed for area, specific leaf area (SLA), thickness, water content and anatomical traits. Data were analyzed by ANOVA post hoc Tukey test to test the influence of leaf expansion time and by the T-test to determine the effect of radiation (α = 5%). Greater scleromorphy was observed in the completely expanded leaves compared to the leaves at the beginning of expansion, with lower water content and SLA in completely expanded leaves. Higher sclerophyll content was observed in sun leaves than in shade leaves, with lower SLA, greater leaf thickness and greater thickness of adaxial epidermis, palisade parenchyma and mesophyll in sun leaves. Based on these results, greater care is indicated regarding leaf management at the beginning of expansion and the management of shade leaves, since they are more susceptible to damage from herbivores. The objective of this management is to maximize fruit production.

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Extrafloral nectary morphology and the role of environmental constraints in shaping its traits in a common Cerrado shrub (Maprounea brasiliensis A. St.-Hill: Euphorbiaceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Presumed domatia are actually extrafloral nectaries on leaves of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae)

Presumed domatia are actually extrafloral nectaries on leaves of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae)

The role of leaf cutting and fire on extrafloral nectaries and nectar production in Stryphnodendron adstringens (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) plants

Effect of expansion time and sunlight radiation on the functional and anatomical traits of mango tree leaves

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