Extracts, Anthocyanins and Procyanidins from Aronia melanocarpa as Radical Scavengers and Enzyme Inhibitors

Abstract

Extracts, subfractions, isolated anthocyanins and isolated procyanidins B2, B5 and C1 from the berries and bark of Aronia melanocarpa were investigated for their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Four different bioassays were used, namely scavenging of the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO), inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) and inhibition of α-glucosidase. Among the anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-arabinoside possessed the strongest and cyanidin 3-xyloside the weakest radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory activity. These effects seem to be influenced by the sugar units linked to the anthocyanidin. Subfractions enriched in procyanidins were found to be potent α-glucosidase inhibitors; they possessed high radical scavenging properties, strong inhibitory activity towards 15-LO and moderate inhibitory activity towards XO. Trimeric procyanidin C1 showed higher activity in the biological assays compared to the dimeric procyanidins B2 and B5. This study suggests that different polyphenolic compounds of A. melanocarpa can have beneficial effects in reducing blood glucose levels due to inhibition of α-glucosidase and may have a potential to alleviate oxidative stress.

Identification of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory peptides obtained by simulated gastrointestinal digestion of three edible insects species (Gryllodes sigillatus, Tenebrio molitor, Schistocerca gragaria)

“…The conducted research proved that the peptide fractions from insects separated by Sephadex G‐10 gel filtration chromatography have strong inhibitory activity of the LOX and COX‐2 (as anti‐inflammatory activity). These fractions showed much higher LOX and COX‐2 inhibitory potential than hydrolysates, fractions <3.5 kDa and other raw materials such as purple basil leaves (IC 50 value for COX‐2 inhibitory activity 5.0 µg mL −1 ) (Szymanowska et al ., ) or chokeberry extracts after fractionation (IC 50 value for LOX inhibitory activity in the range between 30.3 and 91.0 µg mL −1 ) (Bräunlich et al ., ). However, essential oils from basil were found to have slightly lower LOX inhibitory activity (IC 50 value 0.3 µg mL −1 ) (Złotek et al ., ).…”

Composition and physicochemical properties of dried berry pomace

“…Compounds detected at 520 nm (see Supporting information, Fig. S1, peaks 11, 12, 15 and 29) were identified as cyanidin 3‐galactoside, cyanidin 3‐glucoside, cyanidin 3‐arabinoside and cyanidin 3‐xyloside (see Supporting information, Table S1) . Chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid derivates ( m/z 353) were detected at high intensities (peaks 1 and 5 in the Supporting information, Fig.…”

Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

“…The elderberries and elderflowers were then extracted successively with dichloromethane (DCM) (~900 mL for elderberries and ~700 mL for elderflowers), followed by 96% EtOH (~950 mL for elderberries and ~800 mL for elderflowers), 50% EtOH (~650 mL for elderberries and ~500 mL for elderflowers), 50 °C water (~450 mL for elderberries and ~300 mL for elderflowers), and 100 °C water (~450 mL for elderberries and ~300 mL for elderflowers). The anthocyanins from elderberries were isolated in accordance to Bräunlich et al [41]. Briefly, freeze-dried elderberries were extracted by maceration with MeOH (0.5% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) v / v ) for 24 h. The dried extract was applied on an Amberlite XAD-7HP column (5 cm × 50 cm) with water followed by MeOH (0.5% TFA) as mobile phase.…”