Extractos de neem en el comportamiento de Aphis nerii y la transmisión del virus de la mancha anular del papayo

Abstract

The effect of neem extracts on feeding behavior of Aphis nerii, as well as Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV-p) transmission, was determined. We evaluated papaya seedlings sprayed under laboratory conditions with a 10% aqueous extract of unpeeled neem seed and with a water control. Two time periods, exploratory (0 to 3 min) and feeding (>3 to 20 min), were used to evaluate aphid feeding behavior. Aphid mortality was determined 24 h after spraying. Viral transmission was measured by ELISA tests. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were obtained in the exploratory feeding behavior. However, significantly more aphids (p < 0.05) stopped feeding on neemsprayed plants from the >3 to 20 min period. Also, higher (p < 0.05) aphid mortality (37% vs. 10%) was found in neem-sprayed plants. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in PRSV-p transmission, thus indicating that neem seed aqueous extracts did not prevent viral transmission.

Efecto repelente del aceite de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) contra zancudos (Anophelex spp) en lechones

“…Se calcula la existencia de cerca de 85 especies de plantas con potenciales propiedades de repelencia contra insectos en Latinoamérica (Ramírez-Suárez et al, 2018), con componentes específicos (Alcalá-Orozco et al, 2017). Entre estas especies, la planta neem, considerada como un producto botánico bioactivo (Hernández- Castro et al, 2005), se presenta como una alternativa (Daza y Florez, 2006), habiendo sido utilizada como repelente de insectos en plantas, contra zancudos en humanos, como garrapaticida y contra moscas (Gruber, 1992 Los resultados obtenidos en la extracción de aceite de neem son semejantes a quienes recomiendan el método soxhlet utilizando hexano (Rodríguez et al, 2012;Tesfaye y Tefera, 2017). No obstante, existen métodos que utilizan maquinaria industrial y procesos fisicoquímicos con rendimiento de 76% y con máquinas de pelletsextrusado prensado con rendimientos de 64%, pero cuyos procesos son de mayor costo (Escalante et al, 2004;Delgado et al, 2012;Cárdenas, 2017).…”

Aqueous and Ethanolic Plant Extracts as Bio-Insecticides—Establishing a Bridge between Raw Scientific Data and Practical Reality

“…Other works have also proved the great insecticide effect of Azadirachta indica extracts. Hernández-Castro et al [ 59 ], showed the efficiency of aqueous extract 10% w / v (10 g of plant material per 100 mL of water) of unpeeled Azadirachta indica seed in repelling the aphid Aphis nerii from feeding on papaya plants ( Carica papaya L.) sprayed with the plant extract. In addition, the aphid mortality after 24 h at the extract-sprayed plants was higher by 27% when compared to the control (only water-sprayed plants).…”