Extractive-spectrophotometric determination of some phenothiazines with dipicrylamine and picric acid

Regulska, E.; Tarasiewicz, M.; Puzanowska-Tarasiewicz, Helena

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00520-9

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Results in Table 7 are in agreement with those obtained by the official method. 31 Statistical analysis of the results using student t-test and the variance ratio F-test showed no significant difference between the performance of the two methods based on accuracy and precision. …”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

Rezaei

Mokhtari

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este artigo descreve um método de quimioluminescência (CL) simples, rápido e sensível para a determinação de perfenazina usando sistema de injeção em fluxo (FI). Todas as variáveis que podem afetar a resposta do método CL foram otimizadas empregando planejamento composto central (CCD) para o planejamento experimental e metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM) para a modelagem. A otimização usando CCD comparativamente ao método univariado mostrou uma melhora significativa na sensibilidade. Sob condições experimentais ótimas, uma ampla região linear foi obtida entre a concentração do analito e a altura do pico, dentro do intervalo de 1,2 a 1.300 ng mL -1 com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9978. O limite de detecção foi de 0,4 ng mL -1(S/N = 3) e o desvio padrão relativo para 6 repetições de uma solução contendo 70,5 ng mLfoi menor que 4%. Esse método foi aplicado com sucesso na quantificação de perfenazina em formulações farmacêuticas e em soro humano com adequadas recuperações (95,3-104,0%). A frequência analítica foi de 100 ± 5 amostras por hora.This paper describes a simple, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of perphenazine by flow injection (FI) system. All variables that can affect the CL response were optimized by employing central composite design (CCD) for the experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) for the modeling. Optimization by means of CCD method with respect to conventional single factor at a time method showed a significant improvement in the sensitivity. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a wide linear relationship between analyte concentration and peak height was obtained within the range 1.2-1,300 ng mL -1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9978. The limit of detection was 0.4 ng mL -1 (S/N = 3) and the relative standard deviation for 6 repeated measurements of a solution containing 70.5 ng mL -1 was lower than 4%. This method was successfully applied for the quantification of perphenazine in pharmaceutical formulations and human serum with good recoveries (95.3-104.0%). Sample throughput was 100 ± 5 samples per hour. Keywords: flow injection, chemiluminescence, perphenazine, central composite design IntroductionPerphenazine belongs to the phenothiazine family of drugs. Because of its neuroleptic and antidepressive actions, it is often prescribed for the treatment of psychotic patients such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychoses in order to decrease restlessness, aggressiveness and impulsive behavior. Also it is found to be effectual in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 1 The monitoring of the perphenazine is important for quality assurance in pharmaceutical industry and for obtaining optimum therapeutic concentrations in body fluids to minimize the risk of toxicity. The therapeutic range and toxic threshold of perphenazine in serum were reported 4-30 and 50-100 ng mL In experimentation, we attempt to monitor the effects of certain inputs or material on the subject matter of interest. The advantages of the experimenta...

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Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

Rezaei

Mokhtari

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The reaction proceeds preliminary via the oxidation of drugs to a phenothiazinyl radical, followed by coupling of the reagent in the 3-position: 51 The resulting colors are well developed within 5 min at 60˚C, are stable for more than 24 h. MBTH was also used as a reagent for the simultaneous determination of three 2,10-disubstituted phenothiazines by Carreto et al 52 Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of 2,10-disubstituted phenothiazines also include: derivatespectrophotometric methods, [53][54][55] as well as methods based on the formation charge transfer 56,57 and ion-association complexes. 20,22,[58][59][60] The official methods include UV spectrophotometry 61 and non-aqueous titrimetry. 61,62 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Oxidizing Agents for Determination of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines

Puzanowska-Tarasiewicz

Kuźmicka

Karpińska

et al. 2005

ANAL. SCI.

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“…The interaction between the donor and acceptor occurs according to the Figure 4 below: Picric acid, a trinitrophenol, reacts with electron donor molecule to forms charge transfer and proton transfer complexes. It was used for the determination of some amine derivatives through formation of intense yellow colored complex (Ebeid et al, 1998;Regulska, Tarasiewicz, Puzanowska, 2002;El-Mammli, 2003;El-Yazbi et al, 2003;Abdel-Hay et al, 2004;Karuna et al, 2006;Rajendra, Basavaiah, Vinay, 2011;Johnson, Ukpe, 2011;Pinderjit, Rajanish, Harinder, 2011;Sameer, Basavaiah, 2011;Prashanth, Basavaiah, 2012;Raghu, Basavaiah, 2012).…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their wide applicability and ability to form stable and sensitive CT complexes with nitrogenous bases, and particularly pharmaceutical substances (Ebeid et al, 1998;Abou, 2000;Regulska, Tarasiewicz, Puzanowska, 2002;El-Mammli, 2003;El-Yazbi et al, 2003;Abdel-Hay et al, 2004;Karuna et al, 2006;Rajendra, Basavaiah, Vinay, 2011;Johnson, Ukpe, 2011;Pinderjit, Rajanish, Harinder, 2011;Sameer, Basavaiah, 2011;Raghu, Basavaiah, 2012;Prashanth, Basavaiah, 2012) iodine, as a σ-acceptor and picric acid, a π-acceptor have not been applied for the spectrophotometric assay of ALB. This paper describes, for the first time, the application of these two reagents to the spectrophotometric determination of ALB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and rapid spectrophotometric assay of albendazole in pharmaceuticals using iodine and picric acid as CT complexing agents

Swamy¹,

Basavaiah²

2014

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Two simple, rapid and inexpensive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of albendazole (ALB) in bulk drug and in tablets. The methods are based on charge-transfer (CT) complexation reaction involving ALB as n-donor and iodine as σ-acceptor (method A) in dichloromethane or picric acid (PA) as π-acceptor (method B) in chloroform. The absorbance of CT complexes was measured at 380 nm for method A, and 415 nm for method B. The optimization of the experimental conditions is described. Under optimum conditions, Beer's law obeyed over the concentration ranges 8.0-240 and 2.4-42 μg mL-1 for method A and method B, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity of CT complexes at the respective λmax are calculated to be 1.17×103 and 5.22×103 L mol-1cm-1 respectively, and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 0.2273 and 0.0509 ng cm-2. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are calculated to be (0.69 and 2.08), and (0.10 and 0.30) μg mL-1 with method A, and method B, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy expressed as % RE and precision expressed as % RSD were less than 3%. The methods were applied to the determination of ALB in tablets.

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Extractive-spectrophotometric determination of some phenothiazines with dipicrylamine and picric acid

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

Sensitive determination of perphenazine in pharmaceuticals and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence method using [Ru(phen)3]2+-ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach

Efficient Oxidizing Agents for Determination of 2,10-Disubstituted Phenothiazines

Simple and rapid spectrophotometric assay of albendazole in pharmaceuticals using iodine and picric acid as CT complexing agents

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