Extractive separation of copper and nickel from copper bleed stream by solvent extraction route

Heavy Metal Ion Extraction Using Organic Solvents: An Application of the Equilibrium Slope Method

“…Other applications of this popular extractant include the removal of Cd(II) (Kumar et al, 2009), Zn(II) (Vahidi et al, 2009), Fe(III) and Ti(IV) (Silva et al, 2008); b. Tributylphosphate (TBP), used to act as a phase modifier in Cu(II) extraction (Cheng, 2000). The extractant and phase modifier are diluted at certain ratios in the petroleumbased organic diluents such as kerosene and chloroform (Ak et al, 2008;Ren et al, 2008), cumene (Svendsen et al, 1990), dichloromethane (Memon et al, 2003), isododecane (Mortes and Bart, 2000), n-dodecane (Simonin et al, 2003), n-decanol (Lin et al, 2005), nheptane (Morais and Mansur, 2004), and n-hexane (Valenzuela et al, 2002); c. LIX 84 and Cyanex 272, applied to extract Cu(II), Ni(II), and Al(III) (Mohapatra et al, 2007;Agrawal et al, 2008); d. Cyanex 921, used to extract Cu(II) from HCl (Mishra and Devi, 2011); e. Miscellaneous organic solvents such as I) 1-phenyl-3-heptyl-1,3-propanedione, II) 1-phenyl-4-ethyl-1,3-octanedione, III) 1-(4'-dodecyl) phenyl-3-tert-butyl-1,3-propanedione in kerosene, used to extract Cu(II) (Fu et al, 2011).…”

“…Combination of extractants and solvents used to extract Cu(II) from an aqueous solution in literature include D2EHPA + soybean oil (Chang et al, 2010;Chang et al, 2011), LIX 84 + kerosene (Agrawal et al, 2008), Cyanex 921 + kerosene (Leopold et al, 2010;Mishra and Devi, 2011), and Cyanex 272 + kerosene (Mohapatra et al, 2007;Agrawal et al, 2008;St John et al, 2010). The solvents employed are mostly non-polar in nature.…”

“…Still, the pH needs to be adjusted to achieve this. In the third region, pH > 8, the slope would essentially be negative (in this case of extracting Ni(II) from ammonium solutions) because of the formation of nickel-ammine complexes occurring concurrently with the decrease in free Ni(II) ion concentrations (Agrawal et al, 2008).…”

Emulsion Liquid Membrane: Removal and Recovery of Organic and Inorganic Ions

“…Most of the techniques such as chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, ion exchange, electro -oxidation and adsorption have their own limitations [1,2]. Hence alternative technique is required to remove and recovery of organic and inorganic matters.…”

Theoretical Studies on Copper Extraction by means of Polymeric Membrane Contactors

“…To do this, aqueous phases containing copper ions come into contact with an organic phase containing extractant. By contacting the aqueous and organic phases, a reaction occurs that causes formation of extractant-copper complex [3][4][5][6][7][8] .…”