Extractive Sampling and Optical Remote Sensing of F100 Aircraft Engine Emissions

Abstract

The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) has initiated several programs to develop and evaluate techniques to characterize emissions from military aircraft to meet increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. This paper describes the results of a recent field study using extractive and optical remote sensing (ORS) techniques to measure emissions from six F-15 fighter aircraft. Testing was performed between November 14 and 16, 2006 on the trim-pad facility at Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, FL. Measurements were made on eight different F100 engines, and the engines were tested on-wing of in-use aircraft. A total of 39 test runs were performed at engine power levels that ranged from idle to military power. The approach adopted for these tests involved extractive sampling with collocated ORS measurements at a distance of approximately 20-25 nozzle diameters downstream of the engine exit plane. The emission indices calculated for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and several volatile organic compounds showed very good agreement when comparing the extractive and ORS sampling methods.

Aircraft engine exhaust emissions and other airport-related contributions to ambient air pollution: A review

“…Various types of jet fuels are instead regulated by Chinese specifications: RP-1 and RP-2 are kerosene-type fuels similar to Russian TS-1, while RP-4 to Jet B. Nowadays, virtually all jet fuel in China is RP-3, which is quite comparable to Jet A-1 (Shell, 2013). Fuels for military purposes are formulated for high-performances and are regulated separately by many governments; some of these (JP grades for USA and NATO forces) were used in several studies (e.g., Anderson et al, 2006;Chen et al, 2006;Cowen et al, 2009;Cheng Fig. 1.…”

“…Despite most attention being given to civil aviation, a number of studies have also addressed emissions from military aircraft (e.g., Spicer et al, 1984Spicer et al, , 1992Spicer et al, , 1994Sch€ afer, 1997, 1998;Gerstle et al, 1999Gerstle et al, , 2002Miller et al, 2003;Anderson et al, 2005;Brundish et al, 2007;Corporan et al, 2008;Cheng, 2009;Cowen et al, 2009;Spicer et al, 2009;Cheng et al, 2009;Cheng and Corporan, 2010). Despite the relatively high potential impact of military aircraft emissions under particular circumstances, the task of studying military emissions is very difficult.…”