Extraction techniques for narcotics, barbiturates, and central nervous system stimulants in a drug abuse urine screening program

Drug Abuse Screening Programs: Detection Procedures, Development Costs, Street-Sample Analysis, and Field Tests

“…The shortcomings of currently used detection techniques for the identification of barbiturates, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and phenmetrazine were also pointed out recently (165)(166)(167). Dole et al (75) recommended the following procedure for the detection of barbiturates, amphetamine, and opiates.…”

“…of urine. Kaistha and Jaffe (165)(166)(167) proposed a two-step extraction procedure using a 15-ml. aliquot of urine.…”

“…The data suggested (165,166) that it would be advisable to extract amphetamines before acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is not used routinely in our laboratories.…”

“…each of borate buffer and chloroformisopropanol (3:l). They reported that the procedure of Kaistha and Jaffe (165)(166)(167) recently reported a modification of the method developed by Dole et al (75). The modification elutes sedative-hypnotics at pH 1 and opiates and amphetamines at pH 10.1 using NH4C1-NHlOH buffer.…”

“…It is imperative that after the application of ammoniacal silver nitrate, these plates are not heated on the hot plate or at a temperature higher than 100"-a treatment suggested by Dole el a/. (75) and Kaistha and Jaffe (165)(166)(167) for the immediate reappearance of a black spot due to morphine. Amphetamines are detected with ninhydrin.…”