Extraction—spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol and a long-chain quaternary ammonium salt

Nonova, D.; Stoyanov, Kalin

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)85316-2

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…4-(2-Pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) is a nonselective reagent forming water-soluble stable complexes with zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, cooper, and other metals. , Usually, PAR acts as a tridentate ligand (reactive groups are pyridine nitrogen, azo group, and o-hydroxyl group) and forms chelates with metal to ligand stoichiometry of 1:2. It is well-known that PAR complexes can be extracted into the conventional solvents as ion associates with long-chain quaternary ammonium salts. , The alkylammonium component of THABr, THA + , is an already present counterion facilitating effective extraction of anionic complexes of metal ions with PAR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multielement Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Water by Microwave-Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry after Extraction in Unconventional Single-Salt Aqueous Biphasic System

et al. 2018

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For the first time liquid-liquid extraction was used for the preconcentration of heavy metals prior to their determination in water by microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES). Extraction of Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) was performed in unconventional aqueous biphasic system (ABS) formed by addition of hydrophobic solid salt, namely, tetrahexylammonium bromide, to aqueous sample, with neither organic solvents nor salting-out agents being used. The metal ions were quantitatively recovered with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR). The extract was diluted with ethanol/HCl and introduced directly into an MP-AES instrument. The factors influencing extraction (pH, reagent concentration, phase contact time, etc.) and MP-AES detection parameters were studied and optimized. For the developed method, limits of detection of 1.3, 4.9, 0.06, 1.2, 4.2, and 3.2 μg L were obtained for cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, respectively, providing from 60- to 500-fold improvement as compared with the analysis without preconcentration. The method was applied for the analysis of two certified reference materials (CRM) of wastewater and surface water as well as the samples of well and seawater. Coupling MP-AES with ABS extraction significantly extends the capabilities of the method, especially for the analysis of high salinity waters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is wellknown that PAR complexes can be extracted into the conventional solvents as ion associates with long-chain quaternary ammonium salts. 46,47 The alkylammonium component of THABr, THA + , is an already present counterion facilitating effective extraction of anionic complexes of metal ions with PAR.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multielement Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Water by Microwave-Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry after Extraction in Unconventional Single-Salt Aqueous Biphasic System

et al. 2018

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“…[24][25][26][27][28][29] Accordingly, in order to develop the fluorescence and enhance the sensitivity, we examined the effects of different surfactants: Cationic [DTAC, cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), stearyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), benzyldimethyltetradecyl ammonium chloride (Zephiramine)], Anionic , respectively); (G) 4ϫ10 Ϫ6 M fluorescein. The conditions were 2.5 ml of 1.0% DTAC solution, 2.0 ml of the Na 2 CO 3 /NaHCO 3 buffer solution (pH 9.6), and 1.0 ml of 1.0ϫ10 Ϫ4 M cobalt(II) solution.…”

Section: Optimization Of Reaction Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Other Reactive Oxygen Species with Fluorescein Hydrazide (FH) and Its Crystal Structure

Nakahara

Fujimoto

Doi

et al. 2008

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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977Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide (O 2 Ϫ ), hydroxyl radical ( · OH), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO Ϫ ), and peroxide (R-OOH) affect the living body and cause various types of diseases such as cancer, 1) cardiovascular disorders, 2) and neurodegenerative diseases. 3,4) On the other hand, it is accepted that some ROS control disinfection in cells and work as a biofactor for signal transmission of insulin. 5) In addition, H 2 O 2 is a major by-product of ROS in living organisms and a common marker for oxidative stress in the field of clinical inspection.6-8) The development of methods for the determination of these substances is significant in the fields of clinical and biological studies. Several methods for the determination of the spectrophotometry, 9-11) fluorophotometry, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and chemiluminescence 19,20) of H 2 O 2 and other ROS have already been reported. These methods focus on the determination of individual ROS. However, it appears that most of ROS have only minute life times under biological environments. Therefore, we considered that it is more practicable to measure the total rather than individual ROS for a clinical purpose. Hence, we developed a handy and highly sensitivity method for the determination of ROS, including H 2 O 2 . We have already developed methods for the fluorometric determination of cobalt(II) and H 2 O 2 with fluorescein hydrazide (FH), 21) however, the method adopted for the determination of H 2 O 2 exhibited remarkably poor reproducibility. In this study, method to obtain a more reproducible and sensitive spectrofluorimetric determination of H 2 O 2 and other ROS were examined. Furthermore, the applicability of the method for measuring H 2 O 2 in urine samples was examined. Moreover, because an excellent crystal of FH was obtained, structural analysis by X-ray diffractometry was performed. As a result, this FH crystal was confirmed to have a five-membered spirolactam structure. The relationship between fluorescence and the chemical structure was studied; the fluorescein, which was the strong fluorescent substance that caused the spirolactam formation by acting as the hydrazine conductor, became a colorless, non-fluorescent substance. Experimental Synthesis of Fluorescein Hydrazide (FH)A modification of the procedure of Baeyer and Akita. 22,23) for the synthesis of fluoescein and FH was employed. Resorcinol 2 mol and phthalic anhydride 1 mol were combined with methanesulfonic acid. The mixture was heated and dissolved in 5% sodium hydroxide solution. The solution was poured into 30% acetic acid; the resulting fluorescein, a yellow precipitate, was collected with a yield of 92.5%. Subsequently, fluorescein was added to a solution of excess 98% anhydrous hydrazine and heated at 80°C in a warm water bath for 3 h. Upon cooling to room temperature and with the addition of strong hydrochloric acid into the solution, the light yellow substance was deposited. Then, the substance obtained was dissolved in ethan...

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“…The extraction constants of the anionic chelates have already been reported. [6][7][8][9][10] Generally, in the ion-association extraction, or ion-pair extraction, the extraction equilibrium was present as an extraction constant (Kex), which includes both the ionassociation reaction in an aqueous solution (Kass) and the distribution reaction of the ion associate between aqueous and organic phases (KD). The authors have succeeded to determine the ion-association constants in an aqueous solution, and have clarified the contribution of the ion-association reactions in an aqueous solution to the whole extraction process.…”

Section: Ion-association Reaction Of the Par Chelates With Quaternarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol (par) has been used as a spectrophotometric reagent and a metallochromic indicator for metal determination, and equilibrium reactions of chelate formation have been investigated in aqueous solutions, as well as in liquid-liquid distribution systems, including ion-pair extraction. [6][7][8][9][10] The properties of the chelates were utilized for the separation of heavy metal ions by ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, 11,12 and also for CZE separations. [13][14][15][16] Recently, sodium dodecyl sulfate has been used in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and in the separation of the par chelates in MEKC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Equilibrium Analysis of Reactions of Metal-Pyridylazoresorcinolato Chelates with Quaternary Ammonium Ion, Nonionic Surfactant and Polyethylene Glycol in Aqueous Solution by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Takayanagi

Motomizu

2002

ANAL. SCI.

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Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a powerful tool for the separation and determination of ionic substances. Metal ions have been determined after derivatizing them with chelating reagents to convert anionic complexes. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 1 and 8-quinolinol-5-sulfonic acid 2 were utilized as derivatizing reagents for the determination of alkaline earth metals by CZE analysis. Some pyridylazo compounds were also used for the derivatization and determination of transition metal ions. [3][4][5] 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol (par) has been used as a spectrophotometric reagent and a metallochromic indicator for metal determination, and equilibrium reactions of chelate formation have been investigated in aqueous solutions, as well as in liquid-liquid distribution systems, including ion-pair extraction. [6][7][8][9][10] The properties of the chelates were utilized for the separation of heavy metal ions by ion-pair reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, 11,12 and also for CZE separations. [13][14][15][16] Recently, sodium dodecyl sulfate has been used in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and in the separation of the par chelates in MEKC. 17 Cationic polymers have also been used as an interacting reagent for anionic chelates. 18 In the capillary electrophoretic separation of the par chelates, it was reported that some metal chelates decomposed during migration. 13,17 The hydroxyl groups of the par chelates have been reported to dissociate in aqueous solutions. However, such interesting properties as acid dissociations, interactions with cations and surfactants, and their equilibrium reactions in aqueous solutions have not yet been clarified, because of the lack of an analysis method. The electrophoretic mobility of ions can provide useful information on the dissolved states of analytes, and equilibrium constants can be determined by analyzing the mobility change. In this study, the authors investigated several properties of the par chelates, including acid dissociation, ion association with quaternary ammonium ions, as well as binding reactions to nonionic surfactant micelle and polyethylene glycol. The utilization of CZE measurements has major advantages in that the analyte concentrations can be lowered to the 10 -5 M level or less, 19 and that the migration time of the species of interest can be used even when they gradually decompose during migration. 20 Experimental ApparatusA Hewlett Packard 3D CE was used as a capillary electrophoresis system. A fused-silica capillary (Hewlett Packard) was attached to the system; the dimensions of the capillary were 56.5 cm in total length, 50 cm in effective length from the injection point to the detector, and 50 µm inner diameter. The resolutions of metal-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol chelates by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) were investigated in the presence of some interacting reagents; also, equilibrium reactions between the chelates and the interacting reagents were analyzed in an aqueous solution. Among nine metal chelates forme...

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Extraction—spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol and a long-chain quaternary ammonium salt

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Multielement Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Water by Microwave-Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry after Extraction in Unconventional Single-Salt Aqueous Biphasic System

Multielement Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Water by Microwave-Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry after Extraction in Unconventional Single-Salt Aqueous Biphasic System

Fluorophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Other Reactive Oxygen Species with Fluorescein Hydrazide (FH) and Its Crystal Structure

Equilibrium Analysis of Reactions of Metal-Pyridylazoresorcinolato Chelates with Quaternary Ammonium Ion, Nonionic Surfactant and Polyethylene Glycol in Aqueous Solution by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

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