Extraction optimization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by alcoholic‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and their determination by HPLC

Abstract

A sensitive method for the extraction and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using alcoholic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (AA-DLLME) and HPLC was developed. The extraction procedure was based on alcoholic solvents for both extraction and dispersive solvents. The effective parameters (type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, amount of salt and stirring time) on the extraction recovery were studied and optimized utilizing factorial design (FD) and central composite design (CCD). The best recovery was achieved by FD using 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as the extraction solvent and methanol as the dispersive solvent. The results showed that volume of dispersive solvent and stirring time had no effect on the recovery of PAHs. The optimized conditions were 145 μL of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as the extraction solvent and 4.2% w/v of salt (NaCl) in sample solution. The enrichment factors of PAHs were in the range of 310-325 with limits of detection of 0.002-0.8 ng/mL. The linearity was 0.01-800 ng/mL for different PAHs. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra- and inter-day of extraction of PAHs were in the range of 1.7-7.0 and 5.6-7.3, respectively, for five measurements. The method was also successfully applied for the determination of PAHs in environmental water samples.

Multi-residue method for determination of 58 pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water using solvent demulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…In microextraction techniques that employ solvents that are less dense than water, volumes of extractors between 8 and 145 mL have been used [39,40].…”

Sol–gel coating of poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for stir bar sorptive extraction and its application to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

“…According to the references , various extraction methods were used for analysis of PAHs in the water samples that mostly used organic solvent during the extraction procedure (Table ), but there is no report of the use of PEG‐g‐MWCNTs SBSE‐MD for the extraction of PAHs from aqueous samples .…”

Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using a lighter-than-water ionic liquid for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

“…Fatemi et al , have used an “alcohol ‐ assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction” (AA ‐ DLLME) method to determine six PAHs in water samples. The extraction solvents were lighter than water alcohols and the dispersive solvents were methanol, ethanol or 1‐propanol.…”