Extraction optimization and profile analysis of oligosaccharides in banana pulp and peel

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of ethanol concentration (EC, 0-70%) and temperature (25-75 8C) on the oligosaccharides extraction from ripe banana pulp, as well as the profile of mono-, di-, galacto-, fructo-, malto-and xylooligosaccharides in ripe banana pulp and peel. According to response surface plots, EC of 52% (vol/vol) and 75 8C provided the maximum oligosaccharides extraction from banana pulp. High-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection showed the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, arabinose, 1-kestose, xylopentaose, and xylohexaose in banana pulp and glucose, fructose, sucrose, 1-kestose, maltotriose, xylopentaose, and xylohexaose in banana peel. Banana pulp and peel showed 6.47 and 1.42 mg/g dw of total oligosaccharides, respectively. The chromatographic analysis showed fructo-and xylooligosaccharides as the main banana oligosaccharides. Finally, banana can contribute to the intake of sugars and prebiotic oligosaccharides. Practical applicationsThe extraction is the first step in the evaluation of the plant composition and several factors influence the recovery of the target compound. Oligosaccharides present a wide variety of applications in food science and industry and they are extensively studied in fruits metabolism. Methods with extraction conditions optimized and chromatography conditions well-defined are very important to obtain reliable results. Furthermore, banana is one of the most consumed and processed fruits around the world and, consequently, the extraction procedure and analytical technique showed in this study can be helpful for quality control of banana and their products. | I N TR ODU C TI ONThe banana (Musa sp.) is one of the most consumed tropical fruit in the world and the world banana production in 2014 reached the mark of 114.3 million tons (FAOSTAT, 2017). In the worldwide fruit production, the banana is placed in first place and attracts consumers due to its nutritional properties and sensory aspects, as well as its practical consumption (Anyasi, Jideani, & Mchau, 2013;Aurore, Parfait, & Fahrasmane, 2009).Banana is a good source of minerals, carbohydrates and fiber such as pectin and resistant starch (Der Agopian, Purgatto, Cordenunsi, & Lajolo, 2009;Englyst & Cummings, 1986;Mitsou et al., 2011). Recent studies also showed that banana has remarkable amounts of oligosaccharides, especially fructans type FOS (fructooligosaccharides) and short-chain inulins, such as 1-kestose (1-kestotriose, GF 2 ), 1,1-nystose | Optimization of oligosaccharides extraction from banana | Extraction processThe Orbital Shaker Extraction (OSE) was used to extract the oligosaccharides from banana pulp powder. Briefly, the banana pulp powder was mixed with the hydroethanol solution in ratio 1:10 (wt/vol). The mixture was shaken at the required temperature for 1 hr at 200 rpm using a water bath shaker (Classic Series, model C76; New Brunswick Scientific, Edison, NJ). The temperature of the water bath shaker and the ethanol concentr...

Use of Paper Spray-Mass Spectrometry to Determine the Chemical Profile of Ripe Banana Peel Flour and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties

“…A positive correlation between the phenolic content and the antioxidant activities was found, with strong intensity (r > 0.7) between total content of phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity for the methods ABTS (r = 0.914), FRAP (r = 0.877), and DPPH (r = 0.912), between FRAP and ABTS (r = 0.997), FRAP and DPPH (r = 0.997), and ABTS and DPPH (r = 1.000). These data corroborate those of other studies on banana peel 4,41,42 and indicate that phenolics are the main antioxidant compounds in ripe banana peel.…”

“…39 The freeze-dried "Prata" banana peel, in ripening stage 6, had antioxidant activity of 380.4 μmol L -1 Trolox g -1 sample by DPPH. 41 Thus, the antioxidant activity is also influenced by cultivar, ripening stage, flour production method, as well as the conditions of extraction of compounds.…”

Production of Oligosaccharides from Agrofood Wastes

“…β-glucosidases not only hydrolyze cellobiose but they can catalyzed the reverse reaction (transglycosilation) to render C2, C3, C4 and C5 COS (cellobiose, cellotriose and higher molecular weight oligosaccharides) in the presence of relatively low concentrations of water [22].The hemicellulose fraction in lignocellulosic biomass is a rich source of xylooligosaccharides and mannooligosaccharides. Hemicellulose can reach up to 35% in corncob and 25% in nutshell, with similar values for straws, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse and other food-related wastes [9][10][11]23]. Hemicelluloses are linear-ramified heteropolysaccharides with a relatively low molecular weight (circa 15 kDa) very rich in xylose, galactose, fructose, glucose and mannose.…”

“…The hemicellulose fraction in lignocellulosic biomass is a rich source of xylooligosaccharides and mannooligosaccharides. Hemicellulose can reach up to 35% in corncob and 25% in nutshell, with similar values for straws, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse and other food-related wastes [9][10][11]23]. Hemicelluloses are linear-ramified heteropolysaccharides with a relatively low molecular weight (circa 15 kDa) very rich in xylose, galactose, fructose, glucose and mannose.…”

“…As indicated by Bhatia et al [9], their bioactivity turn them into useful ingredients for cosmetics, foods and drugs, and they can be applied, prospectively, to almost countless applications in health improvement and new therapeutic approaches (gut health, immune system boosting, cancer treatment, anti-adhesive action, to name some applications in this area). They can be obtained from several wastes related to food and agriculture, such as, for example, vine shoots [10], banana peels [11], sugar beet residues [12] and wheat chaff [13]. Agrofood related waste is a rich source of mannooligosaccharides [14], while oligomers such as those from alginate, agarose and κ-carrageenan, can be derived from macroalgae [15].Lignin oligomers are notorious for their rich variability and number of functional groups, rendering them valuable platform chemicals for their application in commodity and advance materials and coatings [16].…”