Extraction of valuable metal ions (Cs, Rb, Li, U) from reverse osmosis concentrate using selective sorbents

Selective sorption of rubidium by potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate

“…5, Table 3). Similar observations were reported by Petersková et al [5] for Rb and Cs sorption on potassium hexacyanoferrate sorbent. The capacity of alkali metal sorption on sorbents is generally in the order of Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li based on the hydrated radius of the ions ( Table 2).…”

“…The application potential coupled with the mineral extraction challenge has increased the economic value of Rb. The price of Rb is much higher (€7856.64/kg) in comparison to lithium (Li) (€1.22/kg) and potassium (K) (€0.11/kg) [5].…”

“…Most of these studies have focused on the removal of radioactive cesium (Cs) in nuclear waste brine. Cs and Rb have similar physico-chemical properties and on this basis, a few studies have examined the prospect of Rb extraction by sorbents [5,16]. These studies have highlighted the high Rb sorption capacity of potassium metal hexacyanoferrate.…”

Activated carbon from Diplotaxis Harra biomass: Optimization of preparation conditions and heavy metal removal

“…Several methods have been reported for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents and wastewaters, including chemical precipitation [3], filtration [4], ion exchange [5], electrochemical treatment [6], reverse osmosis [7], solvent extraction [8] and adsorption [9]. Among these methods, sorption on activated carbon is one of the most effective, economic and simplest methods for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions.…”

Brine Effluents: Characteristics, Environmental Impacts, and Their Handling

“…However, the development of the processes to extract these metals is still in progress due to difficulties in targeting the selected components. In addition, the process is very complex and requires multiple sequential steps [48,49].…”