Extraction of sunflower (Heliantus annuus L.) oil with supercritical CO2 and subcritical propane: Experimental and modeling

An original approach for lipophilic natural products extraction: Use of liquefied n-butane as alternative solvent to n-hexane

“…The use of n-butane enabled to reach an average oil yield of 36.7% (Table 3). Increasing extraction temperature from 20 C to 40 C did not impact oil extraction, as observed by (Nimet et al, 2011). The lack of influence of temperature on the extraction yield tends to indicate that in this extraction, the limiting factor is not the internal transport but the mass transfer of oil into the bulk phase.…”

“…Fatty acids distributions are similar for both studied solvents. It is also interesting to notice that the temperature range (from 20 C for n-butane to 68 C for n-hexane) does not impact on fatty acid distribution, as observed by (Nimet et al, 2011). Sunflower oils can be extracted by n-butane with an equal fatty acid composition compared to n-hexane, even at low temperatures (20 C).…”

“…Many studies have been performed on natural product extraction using supercritical CO 2 , but the high working pressure (7.5e45 MPa) has limited the industrial applications (Baysal, Ersus, & Starmans, 2000;Ben Rahal, Barba, Barth, & Chevalot, 2015;Coelho et al, 2012;Couto et al, 2010;Hubert & Vitzthum, 1978;Koubaa et al, 2015;Koubaa et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2011). More recently, some studies have been focused on extraction processes involving liquefied gases at lower pressure (200e1000 kPa), such as n-propane (da Sekhon, Maness, & Jones, 2015;Zanqui et al, 2015), n-butane (Novello et al, 2015;Yang, Teo, & Xu, 2004), dimethyl ether (Kanda & Li, 2011;Kanda & Makino, 2009;Oshita et al, 2015), tetrafluoropropene (Suberu, Yamin, Cornell, Sam, & Lapkin, 2016), tetrafluoroethane (Lapkin, Plucinski, & Cutler, 2006;Mustapa, Manan, Mohd Azizi, Nik Norulaini, & Omar, 2009), eventually with co-solvents (Jesus et al, 2013;Pessoa et al, 2015). All these studies describe a dynamic process with continuous solvent recirculation using pumps and/or compressors which are prone to cavitation issues (Brennen, 1995;Franc & Michel, 2005).…”

Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) fruit using compressed propane and supercritical CO2

“…They concluded that compressed propane required shorter times and lower pressures relative to carbon dioxide. Nimet et al (2001) studied sunflower seed extraction with CO 2 at temperatures of 40 to 60°C and pressures from 19 to 25 MPa and with propane at temperatures from 30 to 60°C and pressures of 8 to 12 MPa and observed that for all conditions investigated propane allowed higher extraction yields of sunflower oil.…”

“…Besides the mild temperature and pressure operating conditions, the use of short-chain hydrocarbons, like propane and n-butane, allows reduction of extraction time. However, literature is somewhat scarce on the vegetable matrices extraction using pressurized propane (Illés et al 1997(Illés et al , 2000Hamdan et al 2008;Daood et al 2002;Corso et al 2010;Freitas et al 2008;Silva et al 2015a, b;Santos et al 2015;Zanqui et al 2015a, b;Jesus et al 2013;Pederssetti et al 2011;Nimet et al 2001;Sparks et al 2006). Carelli et al (2011) extracted Ilex paraguariensis leaves using supercritical CO 2 .…”