Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil using Soxhlet extraction, pressurised and atmospheric microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction

Saim, Norashikin; Dean, John R.; Abdullah, Md. Pauzi; Zakaria, Zuriati

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00768-1

Cited by 144 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, one should be aware that, in MAE, re-adsorption of the extracted analytes is still possible during the final cooling step, while re-adsorption is negligible in PLE where the extraction solvent is removed from the cell while still warm. With regard to the extraction efficiencies, FMAE and PMAE systems were shown to have similar performances [44,45].…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Extractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for GC Analysis

Koning¹,

Janssen

Brinkman

2009

Chroma

121

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Today, a wide variety of techniques is available for the preparation of (semi-) solid, liquid and gaseous samples, prior to their instrumental analysis by means of capillary gas chromatography (GC) or, increasingly, comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC 9 GC). In the past two decades, a large number of 'modern' sample-preparation techniques has been introduced, which have partly superseded their 'classical' counterparts. These novel techniques include off-line and on-line (sometimes semi-or fully automated) procedures, and exhaustive extraction as well as equilibrium techniques. In order to improve overall performance, aspects such as essentially organic solvent-less approaches, large-volume injection and miniaturization receive increasing attention. In most recent applications, mass spectrometric or element-selective detection have been used. The present review discusses the advantages and disadvantages, and relative performance, of most of the modern samplepreparation techniques and cites a number of illustrative applications for each of them.

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Section: Microwave-assisted Extractionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for GC Analysis

Koning¹,

Janssen

Brinkman

2009

Chroma

121

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“…SCE has received a lot of attention as a potential technique for soil remediation [5][6][7][8][9][10]12,13,[32][33][34][35]. The extraction of a substance from a solid matrix requires the following steps: desorption from the matrix, solubilization in the SCF, transport by the extracting fluid and precipitation of the contaminant.…”

Section: Supercritical Extraction In Solid Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, its contamination by organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [5][6][7][8][9], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [4,5,[8][9][10] and pesticides [6,[11][12][13]5], among others, is a growing problem, in spite of the increasing awareness of this fact by many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of pesticides from soil by supercritical extraction—a preliminary study

Castelo-Grande

Augusto

Barbosa

2005

Chemical Engineering Journal

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The aim of this research project is to study the applicability of supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide to the decontamination of soils containing pesticides. In this work, after a brief but important introduction to the subject, the results of a preliminary study of the extraction of atrazine from sand with supercritical carbon dioxide are reported. These results, which were obtained with an extractor operated in batch mode, seem very promising, as a recovery of atrazine higher than 96% was obtained.

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“…The most utilized analytical extraction procedures for triazines compounds are: liquid-liquid, 8 Soxlet, 9 liquidsolid 10 and solid phase extraction. 4 These procedures, normally, are lagging and increase the possibility to introduce errors in the analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a green microwave assisted extraction method for triazine herbicides determination in soil samples

Silva¹,

Costa²,

Visentainer³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foi desenvolvido um método de extração limpo, assistido por microondas, para a determinação de herbicidas triazínicos em amostras de solos. A estratégia de extração foi baseada em ambiente micelar associado às microondas, seguido da determinação dos herbicidas por CLAE, de tal forma que o procedimento pudesse ser considerado limpo. Foram utilizadas duas porções (10 e 8 mL) da solução extratora de SDS (dodecil sulfato de sódio) 0,06% (m/v) associada a 0,500 g da amostra e da seguinte programação do forno de microondas: 540 W (6 min), 0 W (1 min), 630 W (2 min). As curvas analíticas apresentaram-se lineares na faixa de 0.05 até 10.0 mg L -1 para atrazina, ametrina e simazina. Os limites de detecção e quantificação foram estimados como 0,90, 0,57 e 0,235 µg g -1 e 3,1, 1,9 e 0,8 µg g -1 para atrazina, ametrina e simazina, respectivamente. O método proposto é preciso (RSD < 8%, n = 3) e os resultados obtidos concordam com aqueles do método clássico. Testes de recuperação dos herbicidas para amostras de solo forneceram valores entre 82,0 e 94,0%.It was developed a green microwave-assisted extraction method for determination of triazine herbicides in soil samples. The extraction strategy was based on micellar medium associated to microwaves followed by the herbicides determination by HPLC in such way that the procedure could be considered as green. Two portions (10 and 8 mL) of aqueous SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) 0.06% (m/v) were used as extracting solutions associated to 0.500 g of sample and the following microwave oven program: 540 W (6 min), 0 W (1 min), 630 W (2 min). The analytical curves were linear in the analytical range of 0.05 up to 10.0 mg L -1 for atrazine, ametryne and simazine. The limits of detection and quantification were estimated as 0.90, 0.57 and 0.235 µg g -1 and 3.1, 1.9 and 0.8 µg g -1 for atrazine, ametryne and simazine, respectively. The proposed method is precise (RSD < 8%, n = 3) and the obtained results are in agreement with the classical one. Recovery tests for soil samples indicated that the percentage of recuperation were between 82.0 e 94.0%.

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Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil using Soxhlet extraction, pressurised and atmospheric microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction

Cited by 144 publications

References 7 publications

Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for GC Analysis

Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for GC Analysis

Removal of pesticides from soil by supercritical extraction—a preliminary study

Development of a green microwave assisted extraction method for triazine herbicides determination in soil samples

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