Extraction of phenolic compounds: A review

Abstract

Phenolic compounds are parts of secondary metabolites mostly found in plant species with enormous structural diversities. They can exist as glycosides or aglycones; matrix or free-bound compounds; and comprising mostly polymerized or monomer structures. Additionally, these compounds are not universally dispensed within plants with varied stability. This has contributed to challenging extraction processes; implying that employing a single step or inappropriate extraction technique might change the recovery of phenolic components from the plant samples. Hence, it is important to select an appropriate extraction method so as to recover the targeted phenolic compounds. This is will helps to recover substantial yields from the sample matrix. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the phenolic compounds and several methods of extraction that are used to obtaining them from plant materials. These extraction methods includes both conventional and unconventional techniques.

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Sperm Viability of Nelumbo nucifera Petal Extracts

“…Therefore, anthocyanins are not found in white N. nucifera petals, and the red NEE might be oxidized by temperature and light from the steamed, dried in an oven and extracted method, resulting in a color change and degradation [ 28 ]. In addition, it had been reported that hot water is an organic solvent that the mostsuitable solvent for polyphenols extraction from the plant sample and this solvent is the most used method for water-soluble phytochemicals from crude drugs [ 29 ]. This proper method was used in this experiment that is common Thai recipes and traditional medicine.…”

“…The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of H2O2 radical scavenging of the white NAE, the red NAE, the white NEE, the red NEE and gallic acid presented 134.02 ± 2. 29 The aqueous and ethanolic extract of both red and white N. nucefera petals scavenged H 2 O 2 in a dose-dependent manner, and the results are shown in Figure 3 The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both red and white N. nucefera petals reduced Fe (III) to Fe (II) in a dose-dependent manner, and the results are shown in Figure 4. The aqueous extracts and gallic acid had the potential for reducing power more than the ethanolic extracts.…”

Cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing potency of Moscatilin in cancer cells at low radiation doses of X-ray and UV-C

“…One gram of young seedling of D. ovatum was used for the preparation of crude extract. First, the tissue was macerated to a fine pulp with liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle (Alara et al 2021 ). Then, around 1–2 ml of the extraction solvent methanol was added to the pulp.…”

In Vitro Activity of Selected Phenolic Compounds against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Food-Contaminating Yeasts

“…Excellent sources of phenolic compounds are the antioxidative fruits and vegetables, but many herbs and spices can also contain a large amount of them [ 20 , 21 ]. Extraction of phenolics from plant residues can be performed through physical, chemical, fermentation and enzyme-assisted approaches [ 22 , 23 ]. The bioactive phenolics can be used as natural preservatives since they are safer and more ecofriendly than synthetic agents due to their natural origin.…”