Extraction of pesticides from soil with supercritical CO₂

Supercritical fluid extraction of bound pesticide residues from soil and food commodities

“…Recently, interest in the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an analytical technique in the field of pesticide residue analysis has increased considerably. The technique has been applied to the extraction of pesticides and/or metabolites from soil (Brady et al, 1987;Engelhardt and Gross, 1988; McNally and Wheeler, 1988; Wheeler and McNally, 1989;Snyder et al, 1992;Locke, 1993;Lopez-Avila et al, 1990, 1993 and from food products (Campbell et al, 1989;France and King, 1991;Hooper and King, 1991;Thomson and Chesney, 1992;Wigfield and Lanouette, 1993). SFE yields superior extraction efficiencies and offers a number of potential advantages compared to conventional solvent extraction methods for isolating pesticide residues from biological and environmental sample matrices.…”

Multistep Parallel Synthesis of Quinazoline‐2,4‐diones by a Fluorous Biphasic Concept without Perfluorinated Solvents

“…to Me 4 Si ( 0 ppm) for 1 H and rel. to CHCl 3 (77,00 ppm) for 13 C as an internal reference; J in Hz. MS: Finnigan MAT8200 (EI), MAT312 (CI), and TSQ-7000 (ESI) mass spectrometer.…”

“…Preparation of FRPSG [12] [13]. Silica gel (50 g; 35 ± 70 mm; 550 m 2 /g) was activated by treatment with 150 ml of conc.…”

Supercritical fluid-based cleanup technique for the separation of organochlorine pesticides from fats

“…For instance, McNally and Wheeler (1988a,b) applied SFE to the analysis of sulfonylureas in soil, plant materials, and cell culture media. Engelhardt and Gross (1988) reported the analysis of lindane, aldrin, and p,p'-DDT in a spiked soil sample using SFE combined with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Basic solubility studies of pesticides in supercritical carbon dioxide have been conducted by Baumann (1988, 1989).…”