Extraction of pectin from albedo of lemon peels for preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds

Biomimetic mineralization of chitosan/gelatin cryogels and in vivo biocompatibility assessments for bone tissue engineering

“…The 60:40 and 40:60 CH:Gel samples had higher compression strength than the 100:0 and 80:20 CH:Gel scaffolds. Plain chitosan cryogels showed poor mechanical performance as also described in our previous study 20 . In general, it is seen that the samples produced in our study exhibit low mechanical properties.…”

“…Plain chitosan cryogels showed poor mechanical performance as also described in our previous study. 20 In general, it is seen that the samples produced in our study exhibit low mechanical properties. These values can be attributed to the probability of scaffold degradation, as reported by Sari et al 48 Chitosan and gelatin are soluble polymers in the SBF solution.…”

“…Different methods have been used to produce porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications such as gas foaming, freeze drying, particle leaching, and cryotropic gelation. Among these methods, cryotropic gelation also known as cryogelation is a simple and effective fabrication technique to obtain interconnected porous structures and has been successfully applied in our previous studies 31‐33 . Before the morphological evaluations of the scaffolds by SEM analysis, we first assessed the porosity of the cryogels via the ethanol penetration method (Figure 3(a)).…”

“…Texture analyzer (TA.XT. Plus Texture Analyzer, Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK) was used to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the cryogels after SBF soaking by measuring the Young modulus of the gels according to previous studies 19,20 . 8 mm diameter monolith cryogels produced in plastic syringes were cut into 10 mm high cylindrical shapes before analysis.…”

“…Among these methods, cryotropic gelation also known as cryogelation is a simple and effective fabrication technique to obtain interconnected porous structures and has been successfully applied in our previous studies. [31][32][33] Before the morphological evaluations of the scaffolds by SEM analysis, we first assessed the porosity of the cryogels via the ethanol penetration method (Figure 3(a)). In this method, ethanol was used as the displacement liquid because of the ability to easily penetrate the pores without causing the sample to swell or change in size.…”