Extraction of nickel and copper from the ammoniacal leach solution of sea nodules by LIX 64N

Pandey, B.D.; Kumar, Vinay; Bagchi, D; Akerkar, D D

doi:10.1021/ie00095a015

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although this process has been extensively studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], quantitative studies of the equilibria are scarce. Flett and Melling [19] are the only investigators to have analyzed ammonia extraction; they showed good agreement between experimental results obtained with a -hydroxyoxime (LIX65N, 10 vol%) in an aliphatic diluent and the results obtained with a model that assumed the formation of a monomeric 1:1 extractant/ammonia adduct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Wang

Narita

et al. 2017

SERDJ

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Solvent extraction of valuable metals such as copper and nickel is often carried out from ammoniacal alkaline solutions with chelating extractants, during which coextraction of ammonia is inevitable. In the present study, as a basis of modeling of the whole ammoniacal extraction process, the equilibrium distribution ratios of ammonia between a 3 mol L -1 ammonium nitrate solution and LIX84I (the active component of which is 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime, HR) dissolved in a nonpolar diluent were measured as a function of pH and LIX84I concentration at 298 K. We successfully modeled the measurement results by assuming the formation of two associated species, (HR) n ･(NH 3 ) and (HR･NH 3 ) n , the aggregation of HR, and the dissociation of NH 4 + . Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested that ammonia was extracted via hydrogen bonding with HR, and these results were in accord with the proposed equilibrium model. IntroductionSolvent extraction is a commonly used method for hydrometallurgical recovery of metal ions because of its high separation efficiency and relatively low cost. Acidic solutions are the usual media for solvent extraction, but ammoniacal alkaline solutions are sometimes employed for the processing of copper and nickel, owing to the ability of these metal ions to form complexes with ammonia.This process consists of the following steps: (i) Extraction of both copper and nickel from the ammoniacal alkaline solutions with a chelating reagent such as a β-hydroxyoxime or a β-diketone; metal extraction is accompanied by ammonia extraction. (ii)Scrubbing of coextracted ammonia with dilute acid to avoid the accumulation of ammonium salts in the electrolyte in the subsequent step; these salts tend to precipitate, owing to theirSelective stripping of nickel from the organic phase with an acid at a relatively low concentration. (iv)Stripping of copper with an acid at a higher concentration and simultaneous regeneration of the extractant. Although this process has been extensively studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], quantitative studies of the equilibria are scarce. Flett and Melling [19] are the only investigators to have analyzed ammonia extraction; they showed good agreement between experimental results obtained with a -hydroxyoxime (LIX65N, 10 vol%) in an aliphatic diluent and the results obtained with a model that assumed the formation of a monomeric 1:1 extractant/ammonia adduct. As for metal extraction, Rice et al. [20] studied nickel extraction with SME-529 (the former brand name of LIX84I). Tanaka and Alam [21] conducted a detailed study of the equilibrium for nickel extraction with LIX84I and obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental and calculated results; however, these investigators did not consider ammonia extraction during the analysis.Our ultimate goal is to establish a quantitative equilibrium model for the ammoniacal process, including extraction of copper, nickel, and ammonia with LIX84I and their stripping or scrubbing, t...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Wang

Narita

et al. 2017

SERDJ

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“…Ammoniacal ammonium carbonate solution has been widely used in the leaching of metals like nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, silver, manganese, and zinc from ores [5][6][7]. The leaching system is usually made by a reaction between metal ore and ammonium carbonate in ammonia solution [8-4 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zn(NH3)(CO3) inorganic helical framework for selective separation of carbon dioxide

Khazeni

Foudazi

Ghassemi

2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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To explore the potential of Zn(NH3)(CO3) for selective CO2 separation, this study uses single crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction to determine the structure of Zn(NH3)(CO3) in detail; performs adsorption analyses for the compound, using N2, H2, and CO2 as adsorbates; and, to increase the feasibility of synthesizing Zn(NH3)(CO3), develops a singlepot synthesis approach based on urea hydrolysis and solvothermal aging. The developed singlepot synthesis method proves highly controllable, and potentially demonstrates an approach for the synthesis of other microporous structures. The Zn(NH3)(CO3) structure has a noteworthy inorganic helical framework that consists of a big helix of (ZnOCO)4 with two ammines (NH3) pendant from every other zinc, and a small helix of (ZnOCO)2. In terms of adsorption capacity and CO2 selectivity, Zn(NH3)(CO3) adsorbed 0.550 mmol g-1 CO2 at 293 K and 4500 mmHg, but only 0.047 mmol g-1 N2 and 0.084 mmol g-1 H2 at the same temperature and pressure. This behavior demonstrates considerable equilibrium selectivities-31 and 63for the separation of CO2 from H2 and CO2 from N2, respectively. During adsorption, the pendant ammines act as the gates of check-valves: applied pressure opens the gates for adsorption, and during desorption, the gates are closed, trapping the adsorbates, until a reduction of pressure to near-atmospheric levels. Therefore, low-pressure H4 hysteresis is observed, which means gas storage at near-atmospheric pressures can be done with the Zn(NH3)(CO3) framework. Additionally, the compound proves structurally stable, with an adsorption decrease of 0.8% after 20 adsorption/desorption cyclesa factor that, considered with the other characteristics of Zn(NH3)(CO3), renders this compound a promising new candidate for separation of CO2 from H2 and N2.

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“…An alternative and effective way to achieve the goal is resorted on the combinations of commonly available commercial reagents [15]. Large amounts of extraction system integrated with more than one extractant type have been reported for selective recovery of metals from various solutions [16][17][18][19], including various commercialized products, such as LIX984N [20], LIX64N [21,22], LIX973 [23,24], and so on. Based on the synergistic system of Cyanex272 and PC-88A, Liu et al proposed a feasible separation process for recovery and separation of Mn, Cu and Co from the leachate of waste lithium ion batteries [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of separation efficiency of Cu(II) and Ni(II) in ammoniacal solutions by antagonistic effect of Aliquat336 on LIX84I

Wang

et al. 2013

Separation and Purification Technology

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Extraction of nickel and copper from the ammoniacal leach solution of sea nodules by LIX 64N

Abstract: pendent of product viscosity.6. In practice, the mass-transfer control aspects of flash devolatilization can be treated as an effective increase in vacuum, the magnitude of which is dependent on the component and the equipment design.

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Zn(NH3)(CO3) inorganic helical framework for selective separation of carbon dioxide

Improvement of separation efficiency of Cu(II) and Ni(II) in ammoniacal solutions by antagonistic effect of Aliquat336 on LIX84I

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