Extraction of Metals from Chloride Solutions and Amines.

Seeley, F.G.; Crouse, D.J.

doi:10.1021/je60030a043

Cited by 78 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…These dependences appeared to be complex. In the extraction of the metals with solutions of Ia and Ib in chloroform and toluene, two local maxima are observed at HCl concentrations of 23 4 and 537 M. On the contrary, in extraction of Zn(II) with compound III containing no p bonds, the corresponding dependence is dome-shaped and has only one broad maximum at an HCl concentration of 335 M, in full agreement with published data on the extraction of Zn, Cu, Cd, and many other metals with ammonium salts containing saturated hydrocarbon substituents [8].The composition of the Zn and Cu complexes extracted with Ib was determined by the equilibrium shift method [9]. The composition of the aqueous phase was kept constant (C 0 HCl 1, C 0 Me 0.02 M at…”

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confidence: 89%

Extraction of Zinc and Copper with Acetylenic Quaternary Ammonium Salts

2005

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Extraction of zinc(II) and copper(II) from HCl solutions with solutions of mono-and dialkynylsubstituted quaternary ammonium halides in chloroform and toluene is more efficient than the extraction with saturated quaternary ammonium salts and occurs by different mechanism. The dependences of the metal distribution factors on the HCl concentration have two maxima whose positions (absolute and relative) and relative intensities depend on the particular extractant, metal, and diluent.There are only a few papers on recovery and purification of metal ions with unsaturated compounds; nevertheless, their results allowed development of very efficient methods for extractive concentration of osmium with a-olefins [1] and extractive chromatography of actinides with allyltrialkylammonium nitrate [2]. The effect exerted on the extraction by a triple bond capable of complexation with soft Lewis acids was not examined previously.In [3] we described the extraction of Zn(II) from solutions of alkali metal halides in HCl with hept-2-ynyltrioctylammonium bromide and concluded that further studies in this direction would be promising.Here we continue a study of the effect exerted by the structure of quaternary ammonium salts containing a triple bond in the b-position relative to the nitrogen atom, and also by the diluent on extraction of copper and zinc from HCl solutions. We chose the following ammonium salts:17 ) 3 NCH 3 ] + I ! III R = C 8 H 17 , R`= H, X = Br (a); R = C 8 H 17 , R`= C 4 H 9 , X = Br (b); R = C 8 H 17 , R`= C 4 H 9 , X = I (c); R = C 10 H 21 , R`= C 4 H 9 , X = Br (d); R = C 10 H 21 , R`= C 6 H 13 , X = Br (e).The salts were prepared by quaternization of dioctylamine, trioctylamine, and tridecylamine with appropriate propargyl halides under very mild conditions following the previously developed procedure [4]. The reactions at room temperature are complete within 132 h in acetonitrile and 132 days in pentane; the yields of the quaternary ammonium salts are close to quantitative.A principal difference of the examined extractants Ia3Ie and II from those described in the literature [5,6] is the better steric accessibility of the nitrogen atom due to the linear structure of the CH 2 3C=C3CH 2 fragment. This is extremely important for the donor3 acceptor bonding R 4 NX:6MeX n [7] between the anion X of the quaternary ammonium salt and the metal cation Me in the extractable complex.First we studied how the distribution factors of Zn(II) and Cu(II) in extraction with quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) Ia, Ib, and III depend on the HCl concentration in the initial aqueous solution, varied from 0.75 to 9.0 M (Figs. 1, 2). These dependences appeared to be complex. In the extraction of the metals with solutions of Ia and Ib in chloroform and toluene, two local maxima are observed at HCl concentrations of 23 4 and 537 M. On the contrary, in extraction of Zn(II) with compound III containing no p bonds, the corresponding dependence is dome-shaped and has only one broad maximum at an HCl concentration of 335 M, in full agreement w...

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confidence: 89%

Extraction of Zinc and Copper with Acetylenic Quaternary Ammonium Salts

2005

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“…The liquid-liquid extraction of cobalt(II) from solutions containing a high concentration of chloride using quaternary ammonium compounds [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] including Aliquat 336 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] has been widely studied by many researchers. The extraction mechanism has been shown to involve chlorocobaltate(II) complexes, such as the tetrachlorocobaltate ion, CoCl4 2-, 1,3,4,6,[9][10][11][12][13] or the hydrogen tetrachlorocobaltate ion, HCoCl4 -, 5 which are extracted into the organic phase by an ion-exchange mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Phase Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Lithium Chloride Solutions Using a Poly(vinyl chloride)-based Polymer Inclusion Membrane with Aliquat 336 as the Carrier

2011

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“…(1). It is known that Aliquat 336 dissolved in the organic solvent had the enhanced performance for the removal of metal ions from hydrochloric acid solutions compared to the alkyl amine extractants [37]. Sulphate [38] and thiocyanate [39] as ligands also have been used in the metal solvent extraction system using Aliquat 336.…”

Section: Quaternary Ammonium Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes for Metal Separation

Ola¹,

Matsumoto²

2017

Progress and Developments in Ionic Liquids

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Metals are widely used in various areas of human life, and their existence in the environment at high concentrations has become a cause for concern. Metals can enter the human body and disturb the human metabolic system. Therefore, research to recover metals from their matrix both from industrial wastewater and from ores or scraps containing metals is of great importance. One of the separation techniques proposed to overcome those issues involves using supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs). This chapter summarizes the recovery of metals using SILM. In SILM, an ionic liquid that acts as an extractant is embedded in small pores of a polymer support. The latest type of physical impregnation of ionic liquid, which is the type most commonly used in metal separation, is called polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). PIMs were prepared by casting a solution containing an ionic liquid, a plasticizer and a base polymer to form a thin, lexible and stable ilm. A PIM including ionic liquids has a similar coniguration to SILM, and it is considered to be a kind of SILM. In this chapter, efects on the stability and selectivity in SILM and PIM for metal separation are reviewed.

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Extraction of Metals from Chloride Solutions and Amines.

Cited by 78 publications

References 6 publications

Extraction of Zinc and Copper with Acetylenic Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Extraction of Zinc and Copper with Acetylenic Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Solid-Phase Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Lithium Chloride Solutions Using a Poly(vinyl chloride)-based Polymer Inclusion Membrane with Aliquat 336 as the Carrier

Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes for Metal Separation

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