Extraction of lower third molars is one of the most common procedures performed in oral surgery, may undergo intraoperative and post complications, with an incidence that ranges from 3.47% to 9.1%, including: bleeding, pain, dental or bone fractures, displacement of teeth or fragments, subcutaneous emphysema, nerve damage, edema and infection. Treatment depends on the fracture characteristics, maxillomandibular fixation and surgical treatment by means of fracture reduction and fixation. This article was carried out based on a search in online databases, such as PUBMED, written in Portuguese and English. Late mandibular fracture after extracion of third molars occurs between the 2nd and 6th week after surgery, most of which occur during chewing more consistent foods can cause severe trauma to the bone weakened by surgery. For this reason, the need to inform operated patients about postoperative care and the limitation of masticatory strength for 2 months after surgery, so that there is an adequate bone repair in the operated region. we conclude the importance of guiding patients on the risks inherent in the surgery to which the patient will be submitted, as well as guiding the postoperative care, necessary both in writing and verbally, to avoid any post-surgical complications or legal implications that may occur.