Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Bovine and Human Cortical Bone by Thermal Decomposition and Effect of Gamma Radiation: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was extracted from bovine and human cortical bone by thermal decomposition process and was characterized using several analytical tools, including thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), Flourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Removal of organic matter from the bone was confirmed by TGA. XRD data confirmed that HA was the only crystalline phase when sintered at 950 °C. XRF analysis revealed that calcium and phosphorus were the main components and magnesium, sodium were the minor elements in which some trace elements (iron, potassium and zinc) were also present. FT-IR spectra of HA confirmed the presence of a carbonated group and the similarities to commercial HA. When HA were irradiated at 25kGy, there was no significant change of their properties. In vitro cytotoxicity of the HA powder were also evaluated and the samples showed no cytotoxic effect. These results suggested that HA derived from bovine and human bone by thermal decomposition has the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering.

Microstructural analysis of biowaste‐derived hydroxyapatite‐chitosan nanocomposites

“…The FTIR spectrum of synthesized HAp is shown in Figure 3 where peaks centred at 555.50, 594.08, and 1018.14 cm −1 were recorded. The strong and sharp peak at 1018.41 cm −1 is due to the asymmetrical stretching of the phosphate group, while two relatively sharp peaks at 555.50 and 594.08 cm −1 are due to the symmetrical stretching of the phosphate group which gives authenticated information about the vibrational origin of the phosphate to indicate the production of HAp [25, 36].…”

“…The bones were then dried, ground using a rotary mill, and sieved using a 450-μm sieve. Finally, the obtained powder was calcined at two different temperatures, first at 600 • C for 3 h and then at 900 • C for 3 h to ensure removal of the organic constituents and the carbonate apatite hence obtain a white powder of HAp [25,26].…”

Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Hidroksiapatit (HAp) dari Tulang Ikan Tenggiri (Scomberomorus commersoni) dengan Metode Heat Treatment

“…HAp adalah salah satu bio keramik yang memiliki sifat biokompatibel, biodegradable dan tidak beracun (Siswoyo et al, 2020). HAp dapat diekstraksi dari berbagai tulang seperti tulang sapi (Asaduzzaman, 2017), kakap putih (Pal et al, 2017) dan tulang ikan tenggiri (Anggresani et al, 2019).…”

“…Dengan metode yang sama dilakukan oleh (Indrani et al, 2017) dihasilkan kristalinitas HAp sebesar 65% pada suhu 900°C dan terbukti memiliki struktur kristal heksagonal. (Asaduzzaman, 2017) juga berhasil melakukan ekstraksi HAp dari tulang kortikal sapi dan manusia pada suhu 950 °C-1250 °C menghasilkan derajat kristalinitas sebesar 98,51%-98,92%.…”

Physicochemical Characterization of Thermally Processed Goose Bone Ash for Bone Regeneration

“…There was no information provided about the breed and the exact age of the obtained goose bones from the local slaughterhouse. These goose attributes can influence the hydroxyapatite composition of calcified tissues [25]. A similar study by Bahrololoom et al successfully demonstrated the detection of numerous elements in cortical bone from cattle [26].…”