Extraction of ginger rhizome: kinetic studies with dichloromethane, ethanol, 2‐propanol and an acetone—water mixture

Abstract

The kinetics of extraction of [6]-ginger01 from ground Jamaican ginger rhizome have been determined at 30°C in dichloromethane, ethanol, isopropanol and an 80% (v/v) acetone + 20% (v/v) water mixture. The extractions all proceeded in three stages: an initial 'washing' stage, a fast stage and a subsequent much slower stage. The rate of extraction of hexahydrocurcumin in ethanol was found to follow a simpler pattern. From the first order plots, the diffusion coefficients of the extracted solubles within the ginger particles were calculated. They varied inversely with the 0.6 power of the solvent viscosity, which explained why the rates of [6]-ginger01 extraction decreased in the sequence: acetone > acetone + water > dichloromethane > ethanol > isopropanol.These results show that solvents of low viscosity should be chosen to attain fast extraction rates.The diffusion coefficient of [6]-ginger01 was also measured at 30°C in pure acetone, ethanol and isopropanol. The values in these bulk solvents were 13-20 times greater than the diffusion coefficients of [6]-ginger01 within the ginger particles for the fast stage and over 900-1800 times greater than those for the slow stage. These hindrance factors quantify the effect of the ginger matrix environment on internal diffusion.

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“…Furthermore, the amount of phenolic compounds in an extract depends on the solvents used in the extraction process. Among these, methanol was found to have the biggest impact, while acetone had the smallest influence on phenolic compounds’ quantity, which, probably, is related to the solvent’s viscosity [ 53 , 54 ].…”

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“…Spiro et al studied kinetics of ginger rhizome extraction with different solvent such as dichloromethane, ethanol, 2-propanol and acetonewater mixture [8]. They reported that the yield of extraction decreased in the sequence acetone, acetone and water, dichloromethane, ethanol, 2-propanol at 30 o C. Tian et al studied the influence of microwave irradiation treatment on the extraction of ginger [9]. Results obtained from their work indicated that the most satisfying results can be achieved by pretreatment of microwave irradiation under the output power of 480 W during 6 min.…”