Extraction of FD&C dyes from common food sources: Their separation utilizing column chromatography

Abstract

Ondrus (1) and McKone (2) used SEP-PAK cartridges to separate and concentrate the FD&C food dyes. McKone used liquid chromatography and an ultraviolet detector to identify the dyes, Ondrus used water/methanol solutions to separate a mixture of two dyes.The objective of this study was the development of a simple procedure for the extraction and separation of five FD &C food dyes, [Yellow 5 (Y-5), Yellow 6 (Y-6), Blue 1 (B-l), Red 3 (R-3), and Red 40 (R-40)], using a low pressure column chromatography apparatus. This requires a minimum of equipment and will be useful in high school chemistry classes.This study utilized a modified 6 mL J. T. Baker 10 SPE column (cartridge), a variable low pressure (2-10 lb) source, and variable concentrations of methanol to extract and separate food dyes from mixtures of pure dyes and from foods. a short length of small-bore rubber tubing and a pinch clamp.

Extraction and Quantitation of FD&C Red Dye #40 from Beverages Containing Cranberry Juice: A College-Level Analytical Chemistry Experiment

“…The solid phase extraction procedure was performed using Agilent Bond Elute JR C-18 cartridges. The procedure was developed using information about methods previously published for isolation of FD&C dyes from foods and isolation of anthocyanins from fruits. , A beverage containing both Red 40 and cranberry juice (3-C Cranberry Juice Cocktail) was chosen for the students to analyze. Red 40 was isolated from the beverage using the solid phase extraction procedure shown in Figure .…”

Setting Up an Educational Column Chromatography Experiment from Home

“…Activities such as Chromatography of M&M Candies, Glowmatography, Colorful Column Chromatography, and Supermarket Column Chromatography of Leaf Pigments, are excellent experiments to provide a clear explanation of chromatography aspects.…”

Candies to Dye for: Cooperative, Open-Ended Student Activities to Promote Understanding of Electrophoretic Fractionation

“…While students may think they are just identifying food colors, they are actually exploring how and why molecules may be fractionated by electrophoresis. The use of food dyes has previously been utilized in exercises to promote student understanding of paper chromatography (3), thin-layer chromatography (4 ), and column chromatography (5).…”