Extraction of copper from ammoniacal solutions into emulsion liquid membranes using LIX 84 I®

Emulsion liquid membrane for heavy metal removal: An overview on emulsion stabilization and destabilization

“…In some studies of Sengupta and co-workers [16][17][18], d 32 are 3.424, 3.38, and 2.72 m, respectively, at emulsification speed of 12,000 rpm and time of 30 min. Whereas, Gameiro et al [19] and Reis and Carvalho [20] found that d 32 are 2.13 and 1 m, respectively, prepared at 7,000 rpm and 20 min emulsification.…”

“…This is caused by the competitive adsorption with the surfactant as they have opposite behaviour. Interfacial tensions increased with an increase in carrier concentration in the membrane phase leading to formation of larger sized emulsion globules in the dispersed emulsion [18], conversely, interfacial tensions decreased by increasing the surfactant concentration up to a specific value. Gu et al [10] revealed that the key criterion in selecting a carrier is that it and the complex formed must be soluble in the membrane phase, but not soluble in both the internal and feed phase.…”

“…In order to solve the weakness of the commercial surfactants, some authors proposed and tested new type of surfactants for separation of metal ions such as a series of derivatives of glutamic acid dialkyl esters (abbreviated as 2C 18 9 GE) and [41], l-glutamic acid dioleyl ester quaternary ammonium chloride (abbreviated as 2C 18 9 GEC 2 QA) [42,43,50], l-glutamic acid dioleyl ester quaternary ammonium phosphoric acid (abbreviated as 2C 18 9 GEC 2 QAC 2 PA) [50], and polyamine-type polymeric surfactant (LMA) [40,52]. The new type surfactants in general form a stable emulsion and enhance the extraction rate in an even lower concentration range than do the commercial surfactants.…”

Roles of Facilitated Transport Through HFSLM in Engineering Applications

“…The model was verified with the experimental extraction of copper ions in ppm level using LIX84I dissolved in kerosene by continuous counter-current flow through a single-hollow www.intechopen.com fiber module. It is known that LIX-series compounds are the most selective extractants of high selectivity and widely used for copper ions (Breembroek et al, 1998;Campderros et al, 1998;Lin & Juang, 2001;Parhi & Sarangi, 2008;Sengupta, et al, 2007). The schematic flow diagram of the separation via HFSLM is shown in Fig.…”

Kinetic and dynamic study of liquid–liquid extraction of copper in a HFMC: Experimentation, modeling, and simulation

“…Many researchers have been found to use ELM and SLM for metal extraction with various organic extractants including LIX reagent. [9][10][11][12] Although these techniques, as a novel method of extraction, are considered for high membrane flux, destabilization of the membrane, complexity of the process, organic loss, and concerns over the osmotic transport of water across the membrane are the causes of operational difficulties. 6,11 Parallel to aforementioned techniques, nondispersive membrane extraction is a very simple hollow-fiber membrane-based liquid-liquid extraction process, which allows the circulation of the two phases through, for example, aqueous phase or organic phase either in shell or in tube side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC).…”