Extraction of clenbuterol from urine using hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography determination

Abstract

A hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (GMA-co-EDMA) monolithic capillary was prepared for polymer monolith microextraction (PMME). Coupled to HPLC with UV detection, this extraction medium was successfully applied to establish a simple and fast method for the analysis of clenbuterol (CLB) in urine. To obtain optimum extraction performance, the effects of pH value and ionic strength of the sample matrix on extraction efficiency were investigated. The linearity of the method was evaluated over a concentration range of 10-2000 ng/mL and the correlation coefficient (R2 value) was 0.9985. The detection limit and quantification limit were 2.3 and 7.7 ng/mL, respectively. Good reproducibility of the method was obtained, yielding the intra- and interday RSDs less than 5.1 and 9.1%, respectively. Moreover, the hydroxylated poly(GMA-co-EDMA) monolithic capillary exhibited good preparation reproducibility and long-term extraction life. When applied to the determination of CLB in urine samples, an effective removal of interfering compounds was achieved and recoveries were in the range of 87.6-106%. The determination of CLB from one real sample including pretreatment, extraction, and analysis could be finished within 30 min.

Preparation of a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary and its application for in‐tube solid‐phase microextrac‐tion coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…Comprehensive consideration on the above conditions, the composition of NIPAAm, EDMA, PEG-20 000, and methanol for M5 was the best choice for in-tube SPME. Various model analytes including acidic, basic, and neutral ones were selected to investigate extraction mechanism of the monolith [27,28,40]. The pH value of sample solution is a significant parameter affecting the extraction efficiency, so experiments were first carried out by using 0.02 mol/L Na 2 HPO 4 -NaOH (or H 3 PO 4 ) solutions at pH 1.5 -12.5.…”

Polymer monolith microextraction online coupled to hydrophilic interaction chromatography/mass spectrometry for analysis of β2‐agonist in human urine

“…The handling of online PMME-HPLC/MS was pretty much the same as that described in our previous reports [13] except the whole extraction and separation procedures which were automated (Fig. 2).…”

Rapid and High-Throughput Determination of Melamine in Milk Products and Eggs by Full Automatic On-line Polymer Monolith Microextraction Coupled to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…To date, several kinds of monolithic capillaries, including poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Huang et al 2006), poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (Wen et al 2007) and poly(acrylamidevinylpyridine-N,N-methylene bisacrylamide) (Zhang et al 2006), have been developed for determination of various analytes in biological, environmental, and food samples. Compared with other sample preparation methods, the major merit of PMME lies in that it can be easily coupled with HPLC instruments to construct automatic analysis system.…”

“…Polymer monolith microextraction (PMME), a new mode of solid phase microextraction based on the use of polymer monoliths as extraction sorbents, was introduced by our group (Huang et al 2006;Wen et al 2007;Zhang et al 2006). To date, several kinds of monolithic capillaries, including poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Huang et al 2006), poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (Wen et al 2007) and poly(acrylamidevinylpyridine-N,N-methylene bisacrylamide) (Zhang et al 2006), have been developed for determination of various analytes in biological, environmental, and food samples.…”