Extraction of Catechins from Aegle marmelos Fruit Pulp: Statistical Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract

Aegle marmelos is a medicinal herb that has a variety of biological constituents. “Catechins” are a class of phenolic compounds that have therapeutic value. The present study employs batch extraction with methanol as a solvent to extract the catechins from the pulp of Aegle marmelos fruit. Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM-BBD) is used to optimize the operational parameters impacting catechin extraction, such as solvent concentration, pH, and extraction time. Extraction of 96.5% of catechins was achieved at a methanol concentration of 80%, pH 6.24, and a soaking period of 44.7 hrs (desirability: 0.966). Additionally, MATLAB’s artificial neural network (ANN) was used to accurately estimate the extraction yield. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract was tested against five different pathogens, including Streptococcus, Bacillus mega, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cerecus, and Staphylococcus aureus, using the agar diffusion method and the tube dilution method. Streptococcus, Bacillus cereus, and pseudomonas putida showed high activity.

Hydrothermal Hydrolysis of Cocoa Bean Shell to Obtain Bioactive Compounds

“…Vuong et al (2013) [31] reported that individual catechins usually maintain their stability at a pH of 4 or slightly lower, with extraction efficiency decreasing at higher pH levels, probably due to their degradation, which is known to occur at a pH of 5 and above [32]. Additionally, Kurimilla et al (2022) [33] reported that, although catechins are usually stable at acidic pH levels up to 4, extremely low pH conditions can enhance their degradation when employing high extraction temperatures. This aligns with the result obtained here, where higher amounts of catechin for treatment times exceeding 5 min were notably obtained for pH 4.…”

Copper-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Adsorptive Removal of Toxic Azo Dye

“…Te thermodynamic parameters measured are presented in Table 6. Te negative values of ΔG at various temperatures suggest that the adsorption process was spontaneous and thermodynamically feasible [31][32][33]. Te ΔG values slightly decrease with the increasing temperature, implying that more dye was adsorbed onto the adsorbent surface at higher temperatures.…”