Extraction of Caprolactam with Toluene in a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Column—Part I: Recommendation of a Model for Hydraulic Characteristics

Delden, M.L. van; Kuipers, N.J.M.; Haan, A.B. de

doi:10.1080/07366290600760623

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[5,6] The latter is based on a predictive equation, but the correlation of the first contains an empirical constant, k 3 /m . kg 21/6 .…”

Section: Operating Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The column could be operated within a certain window covering a range of operational parameters as described [6] and as determined and correlated for the extraction of caprolactam using toluene. [5] First the characteristics within the operational window, being drop diameter, operational regime, and hold-up, are described, after which the boundaries of the operational window, being flooding (1) at low pulsation and flooding (2) or phase inversion at high pulsation, are correlated.…”

Section: Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drop diameter data determined for the mixed solvent was described according to the developed model for a hydraulic system in a PDDC, [5,6] using parameter values fitted on drop diameter data obtained for toluene as solvent. The application of the derived equation resulted in an uncertainty of the absolute value of the relative error, [5] AARE ¼ 12.1% for NDP ¼ 14.…”

Section: Sauter Drop Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,6] However, the physical properties of the toluene system do not cover those of the mixed solvent system. It should therefore be verified experimentally whether the use of this model to describe the hydraulic characteristics of the mixed solvent system is valid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These characteristics were determined as a function of the operating conditions and the experimental conditions covered the industrially applied range. The results were compared with those obtained for toluene as benchmark solvent [5] and interpreted using a previously developed theoretical model, [6] which was fitted to the obtained toluene data. Furthermore, the overall separation performance in a PDDC was investigated for the forward and back-extraction of caprolactam with and from the mixed solvent, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of Caprolactam with an Alternative Benign Solvent in a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Column

Delden

Vos

Kuipers

et al. 2007

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

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Caprolactam is obtained by extraction using organic solvents like benzene, toluene, or chlorinated hydrocarbons. As an alternative solvent, the mixed solvent heptane-heptanol (40 mass %) was selected in previous studies based on a relatively high distribution ratio of caprolactam, a low mutual solvent solubility, beneficial physical properties, and a low distribution ratio of impurities. Now, the hydraulic and mass transfer characteristics of the extraction of caprolactam in a pulsed disc and doughnut column (PDDC) were investigated using the benign solvent. The results were compared to those for toluene.The PDDC showed qualitatively comparable operational characteristics for both solvents. In the hydraulic experiments the mixed solvent showed smaller drop diameters and hold-ups, required lower pulsation intensities for regime transitions, but the operational windows are slightly smaller. For both solvents, mass transfer resulted in increasing drop diameters and pulsation intensities required for regime transition. In the forward extraction the mixed solvent was superior, where HETS/m ¼ 0.26 to 0.37, compared to 0.42 to 0.67 for toluene, while less theoretical stages are required as well. For the back-extraction HETS/m ¼ 0.33 to 0.40 for the mixed solvent compared to 0.30 to 0.37, but toluene requires the lower amount of theoretical stages.The hydraulic characteristics at equilibrium and concentration profiles in both the forward and back-extraction were described accurately using the developed models.

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“…[5,6] The latter is based on a predictive equation, but the correlation of the first contains an empirical constant, k 3 /m . kg 21/6 .…”

Section: Operating Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sauter Drop Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Extraction of Caprolactam with an Alternative Benign Solvent in a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Column

Delden

Vos

Kuipers

et al. 2007

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

Self Cite

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A new method to quantify droplet size distribution based on Monte Carlo simulation in liquid–liquid solvent extraction

Cheng,

Tan,

Duan

et al. 2024

AIChE Journal

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The diameter of a dispersed‐phase droplet determines the interfacial area in liquid–liquid solvent extraction. Capturing the polydispersity of a liquid–liquid flow is crucial in computational fluid dynamics. In this study, a droplet size probability (DSP) model applied to the Eulerian–Eulerian (E–E) framework is proposed to characterize the droplet size distribution (DSD) at mesoscale. The physical characteristic of the DSP model demonstrates size similarity between the computational cells and droplets. Following the single‐droplet hypothesis, two sub‐models are investigated. The first model is the distribution function of the droplet size, and the second model is Monte Carlo simulation in the computational domain. By sampling randomly from the probability density function of the DSD, the loss of physical information caused by the averaging procedure is avoided. Simulation results of the pulsed disc and doughnut column (PDDC) showed that the CFD‐DSP coupled model accurately predicted the dispersed‐phase holdup and DSD under various conditions.

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Energy consumption of the flow in pulsed extraction columns with internals of discs and rings (doughnuts)

Angelov

Gourdon

2014

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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Extraction of Caprolactam with Toluene in a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Column—Part I: Recommendation of a Model for Hydraulic Characteristics

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Extraction of Caprolactam with an Alternative Benign Solvent in a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Column

Extraction of Caprolactam with an Alternative Benign Solvent in a Pulsed Disc and Doughnut Column

A new method to quantify droplet size distribution based on Monte Carlo simulation in liquid–liquid solvent extraction

Energy consumption of the flow in pulsed extraction columns with internals of discs and rings (doughnuts)

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