Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Blueberry Fruit Waste and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Biological Activity in Human Keratinocytes (HaCaT)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological properties of an extract obtained from the waste of blueberry fruit. The study covered the optimization of extraction of antioxidants from blueberry pomace and the determination of antioxidant properties of the extract using HaCaT as the model organism. Research showed that the yield of antioxidants extraction from blueberry waste was dependent on the applied extraction conditions. Based on the mathematical models, the optimal conditions of extraction process in which the maximum quantity of antioxidant compounds is achieved from the waste mass unit, i.e., the relation of the waste mass to the volume of ethanol equal to 1:17.36, and process time equal to 1000 s. The obtained extract was characterized by high antioxidant activity, which was shaped by high content of polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins. Moreover, the extract showed a high ability to protect HaCaT cells from the occurrence of oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Cells treated with the extract and H2O2 generated a lower amount of ROS than cells treated with H2O2 only. The obtained results will be base of further studies on applying the extract in production of diet supplements and functional foods with increased antioxidant activity. Moreover, the main research material is blueberry pomace which is a troublesome waste material for juice producers. Consequently, according to a sustainable development idea, the study results will provide an opportunity to increase interest in the problem of rational use of the waste material to a certain extent.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Edible Plants with Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Potential Use as Drugs

“…On the other hand, research shows that although there is availability in plasma, the amount is insufficient to estimate a positive effect on human health, as it has been shown with patients supplemented directly with quercetin who do not have significant changes. However, it is not ruled out that the protective effects observed in vitro are due to other metabolic pathways crucial in the antioxidant effect [ 177 , 190 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 ].…”

Edible coating enriched with cinnamon oil reduces the oxidative stress and improves the quality of strawberry fruit stored at room temperature

“…Antioxidant compounds including polyphenols and anthocyanins were isolated from samples by homogenising of the fruit tissue (5 g) with 75% (v/v) methanol (25 mL) and centrifuging at 10 000 × g for 30 min at room temperature. Total polyphenols content (TPC) in supernatants was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (Chempur) as described by Piechowiak et al 38 . The content of anthocyanins (TAC) was determined spectrophotometrically by the differential method as described by Fuleki and Francis 35 at wavelengths of 510 and 700 nm.…”

“…The content of ascorbic acid in the supernatant was determined using the 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP)/spectrophotometric method as described by Piechowiak et al 35 Total polyphenols content and antiradical activity Antioxidant compounds including polyphenols and anthocyanins were isolated from samples by homogenising of the fruit tissue (5 g) with 75% (v/v) methanol (25 mL) and centrifuging at 10 000 × g for 30 min at room temperature. Total polyphenols content (TPC) in supernatants was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Chempur) as described by Piechowiak et al 38 The content of anthocyanins (TAC) was determined spectrophotometrically by the differential method as described by Fuleki and Francis 35 at wavelengths of 510 and 700 nm. Antiradical activity (AA) was assayed using 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals (Sigma-Aldrich) as described by Piechowiak et al 38 TPC, TAC and AA were expressed as gallic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside and trolox equivalent, respectively.…”

“…Total polyphenols content (TPC) in supernatants was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Chempur) as described by Piechowiak et al 38 The content of anthocyanins (TAC) was determined spectrophotometrically by the differential method as described by Fuleki and Francis 35 at wavelengths of 510 and 700 nm. Antiradical activity (AA) was assayed using 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals (Sigma-Aldrich) as described by Piechowiak et al 38 TPC, TAC and AA were expressed as gallic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside and trolox equivalent, respectively.…”

An integrated chromatographic strategy to discover free radical inhibitors from trace fraction of Ribes himalense Royle ex Decne

“…Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance in the levels of oxidation and antioxidant compounds in an organism. Under this condition, the accumulation of a large number of oxygen free radicals in the body causes oxidative damage to normal cells and tissues, thereby leading to aging, cancer as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases (Bortolini et Piechowiak et al 2021). The organisms itself has the ability to overcome such oxidative stress through different means, but it is undeniable that the exogenous free radical inhibitor is also one of the most important strategies to reduce the negative effects of free radicals (Dawa et al 2021;Omata et al 2010).…”