Extraction of an Abundant and Unusual Protein From Soil and Comparison With Hyphal Protein of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Biological and chemical factors controlling the patchy distribution of soil water repellency among plant species in a Mediterranean semiarid forest

“…After extractions, samples were centrifuged at 3000× during 15 min to remove soil particles. Protein in the supernatant was determined by a Bradford assay (Wright and Upadhyaya, 1996). Concentrations of glomalin were extrapolated to μg/g by correcting for the dry weight of coarse fragments (>0.25 g) included in the extraction of soil.…”

Carbon cycling by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil–plant systems

“…In a tropical forest soil, glomalin carbon was shown to represent up to , 4-5% of total soil carbon, much higher than soil microbial biomass carbon [13]. The close correlation of the amount of glomalin in soil with hyphal length and the stability of soil aggregates [21] suggests that glomalin could influence soil carbon storage indirectly by stabilizing soil aggregates. One of the modes of action of glomalin could be facilitating the formation of a sticky string bag of hyphae, the primary mode by which AMF contribute to soil aggregation [8].…”

“…For a soil depth of 30 cm with bulk density of 1.2 g cm 23 and 50% carbon content of dry hyphae, the amount of SOC derived directly from AMF ranges from 54 to 900 kg ha 21 . This range of ERH values indicates that in spite of the rapid turnover of live hyphae, the amount of carbon retained by ERH in the soil is measurable, and the maintenance of a stable hyphal network is functionally important for the sequestration of carbon below-ground.…”

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and soil aggregation as affected by cultivation of various crops during the sugarcane fallow period

“…Bird et al (2002) reported low protein contents not exceeding 0.3-0.6 mg g -1 in soils containing 786-815, 125-146 and 60-78 g kg -1 sand, silt and clay, respectively, under pasture in New Mexico, USA. Wright & Upadhyaya (1996, 1998 reported glomalin fractions of acid soils in several USA regions of 1-15 mg g -1 . In some soils (e.g., tropical soils in Hawaii about 4.1 million years old), the TG can exceed 100 mg g -1 (Rillig et al, 2001).…”

“…Also, aggregates provide a favourable and protected habitat for soil microorganisms and facilitate root oxygenation (Denef et al, 2001). In addition, the adhesive properties of glomalin facilitate binding of soil particles to form aggregates (Wright & Upadhyaya, 1996;Purin, 2005).…”