Extraction of a Novel Cold-Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus and Its Antitumor and Immunological Activities

Liu, Anjun; Yu, Juan; Ji, Haiyu; Zhang, Hong-Cui; Zhang, Yan; Liu, Huiping

doi:10.3390/molecules23010062

Cited by 80 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…In particular, nobiletin is abundant in the flavedos of Acrumen species, such as Dancy tangerine ( C. tangerina ) and Ponkan mandarin ( C. reticulata ). Recently, the identification and functional characterization of OMTs have been reported in several plants species 4 , 31 , 32 . However, studies on OMTs in citrus fruits are still limited, and the nobiletin biosynthetic pathway in citrus remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and functional analysis of the nobiletin biosynthesis-related gene CitOMT in citrus fruit

Seoka

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Nobiletin, a polymethoxy flavone (PMF), is specific to citrus and has been reported to exhibit important health-supporting properties. Nobiletin has six methoxy groups at the 3′,4′,5,6,7,8-positions, which are catalyzed by O-methyltransferases (OMTs). To date, researches on OMTs in citrus fruit are still limited. In the present study, a novel OMT gene (CitOMT) was isolated from two citrus varieties Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), and its function was characterized in vitro. The results showed that the expression of CitOMT in the flavedo of Ponkan mandarin was much higher than that of Satsuma mandarin during maturation, which was consistent with the higher accumulation of nobiletin in Ponkan mandarin. In addition, functional analysis showed that the recombinant protein of CitOMT had methylation activity to transfer a methyl group to 3′-hydroxy group of flavones in vitro. Because methylation at the 3′-position of flavones is vital for the nobiletin biosynthesis, CitOMT may be a key gene responsible for nobiletin biosynthesis in citrus fruit. The results presented in this study will provide new strategies to enhance nobiletin accumulation and improve the nutritional qualities of citrus fruit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and functional analysis of the nobiletin biosynthesis-related gene CitOMT in citrus fruit

Seoka

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…For example, a polysaccharide from N. commune is able to suppress proliferation of MCF-7 cells via modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is known to trigger unfolded protein response and lead to cell death [ 53 ]. Also, a number of studies have shown that the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides is closely associated with their regulatory effects on immune system [ 54 , 55 ], and, intriguingly, N. commune polysaccharide has been previously shown to activate the complement system [ 2 ], an important part of the immune system acting to enhance the adaptive immune response. Therefore, other mechanisms are also likely to contribute to the inhibitory effect of nostoglycan and other Nostoc polysaccharides on the proliferation of tumor cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Polysaccharide from the Edible Microalga Nostoc sphaeroides

Chen³

et al. 2018

Molecules

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Nostoc colonies have been used as food and medicine for centuries, and their main supporting matrix is polysaccharides, which help Nostoc cells resist various environmental stresses including oxidative stress. Here we isolated a polysaccharide, nostoglycan, from cultured Nostoc sphaeroides colonies and determined its physicochemical properties, which revealed a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum typical of polysaccharides and an amorphous morphology with rough surfaces. We also show that nostoglycan has strong moisture absorption and retention capacities and a high relative viscosity. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, we then demonstrate that nostoglycan is capable of improving overall survival rate of the animals under increased oxidative stress caused by paraquat. Nostoglycan also reduces reactive oxygen species level, inhibits protein carbonyl formation and lipid peroxidation, and increases activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in paraquat-exposed nematodes. As oxidative stress may drive tumor progression, we further demonstrate that nostoglycan can suppress the proliferation of several types of tumor cells and induce apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via caspase-3 activation. Together, our results yield important information on the physicochemical characteristics and demonstrate the antioxidant and anti-proliferative functions of nostoglycan, and thus provide an insight into its potential in food and health industries.

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“…Phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages was measured referred to in references with minor modification (Chen, Zhang, Shen, & Wang, 2010;Liu et al, 2017). 5 mL saline was injected to abdominal cavity of each mouse.…”

Section: Macrophage Phagocytosis Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological activities of polysaccharide extracted fromElaeagnus angustifolia L.

Sun

Liu

et al. 2018

CyTA - Journal of Food

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The study was to investigate the immunological activities of polysaccharide isolated from Elaeagnus angustifolia L. The extracted Elaeagnus angustifolia L. polysaccharide (EAP) was purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography (DEAE-52) and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography (G-100). Then the average molecular weight (Mw) of purified polysaccharide was determined by highperformance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). One main fraction (EAP-1a) was obtained through the isolation and purification steps. The results showed that EAP-1a had strong immunological activities. EAP-1a could significantly increase spleen and thymus index, enhance the NK cell activity, stimulate the phagocytosis of peritoneal phagocyte and increase the level of IL-2, IFN-γ and IgG in serum. Thus, EAP-1a isolated from Elaeagnus angustifolia L. could enhance the immunological activities of immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CY). Actividades inmunológicas de polisacáridos extraídos de Elaeagnus angustifolia L. RESUMEN En el presente estudio se propuso investigar las actividades inmunológicas de polisacáridos aislados de Elaeagnus angustifolia L. El polisacárido extraído de Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (EAP) fue purificado utilizando la cromatografía DEAE celulosa-52 y cromatografía por exclusión de tamaño Sephadex G-100. Posteriormente, se determinó el peso molecular (Mw) promedio del polisacárido purificado, empleando para ello cromatografía por permeación de gel de alto rendimiento (HPGPC). Mediante la aplicación de procesos de aislamiento y purificación se obtuvo una de las fracciones principales (EAP-1a). Los resultados demuestran que el EAP-1a tiene fuertes actividades inmunológicas. El EAP-1a puede elevar significativamente los índices del bazo y el timo, mejorar la actividad de células NK, estimular la fagocitosis del fagocito peritoneal y elevar el nivel de IL-2, IFN-γ e IgG en suero. Por lo tanto, el EAP-1a aislado de Elaeagnus angustifolia L. puede mejorar las actividades inmunológicas en ratones inmunosuprimidos, cuya condición fue inducida mediante la administración de ciclofosfamida.

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Extraction of a Novel Cold-Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus and Its Antitumor and Immunological Activities

Cited by 80 publications

References 51 publications

Expression and functional analysis of the nobiletin biosynthesis-related gene CitOMT in citrus fruit

Expression and functional analysis of the nobiletin biosynthesis-related gene CitOMT in citrus fruit

Physicochemical Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Polysaccharide from the Edible Microalga Nostoc sphaeroides

Immunological activities of polysaccharide extracted fromElaeagnus angustifolia L.

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