High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using Diode-Array Detection (DAD) is ideally suited for identification of natural dyestuffs present in these materials [22-26]. The colour of the fibre is the result of three combined factors: the spectrum of the light source, the spectral reflectivity of the fibre colour, and the spectral sensitivity of the eye. The CIELAB (1976) system was introduced to describe the colour that results from these three factors. The system is a three dimensional space, with coordinate axes L*, a* and b*. The L* axis denotes the lightness of the colour (L* of 0 corresponds to black, while L* of 100 denotes white), a* represents the green-red axis (a* negative: green, a* positive: red), and b* represents the blueyellow axis (b* negative: blue, b* positive: yellow). Each fibre colour can be represented as a set of values for L*, a*, and b*, and consequently as a point in this colour space [27]. Colour and fastness tests of the natural fibers dyed with different plants is worked by most researches [28,29]. Materials and Methods In this study, 100% silk, sateen weave S 4/1 (3) fabrics that were ready for dyeing were used. The sateen weave used a 4/1 weaving ratio, floating each weft thread under four warp threads, then over one thread, and the rotation used was 3. The warp density per cm of the fabric was 160 and the weft density per cm was 60. The weight of the fabric was 74 g/m 2. The silk used in this study was obtained from the Armagan Company (Turkey). All reagents were analytically graded, unless stated otherwise. Madder (Rubia tinctorium L.) was obtained from the Turkish Cultural Foundation, Cultural Heritage Preservation and Natural Dyes Laboratory. The following standard dyes have been used as references: alizarin from Carl Roth (Germany); rubiadin, and purpurin, which were synthesised by the University of Jordan. Alum [KAl(SO4) 2 .12H 2 O],