Extraction, Identification and Biological Activities of Saponins in Sea Cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei

Abstract

Consequently, this study demonstrated the potential use of sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei not only as appreciated functional food or nutraceuticals but also as the source of functional ingredients for pharmaceutical products with antifungal, antileishmanial and anticancer properties.

Marine-Derived Compounds and Prospects for Their Antifungal Application

“…Four new compounds, variegatusides C-F (91-94), were isolated together with three known triterpene glycosides, variegatusides A,B (95,96), and holothurin B (97) (Figure 23 Two triterpenoid glycosides, holothurin A (98) and echinoside A (99) (Figure 24), were isolated from sea cucumber holothurian Pearsonothuria graeffei from the Red Sea, Egypt. The partial crude and purified extract from sea cucumber containing mainly these compounds was screened for antifungal activity against three clinical isolates of C. albicans (Candida 580, Candida 581, and Candida MEO47228), and the purified fraction showed good antifungal activity (24 h LC 50 = 10 mg/L) [54]. Two triterpenoid glycosides, holothurin A (98) and echinoside A (99) (Figure 24), were isolated from sea cucumber holothurian Pearsonothuria graeffei from the Red Sea, Egypt.…”

“…Two triterpenoid glycosides, holothurin A (98) and echinoside A (99) (Figure 24), were isolated from sea cucumber holothurian Pearsonothuria graeffei from the Red Sea, Egypt. The partial crude and purified extract from sea cucumber containing mainly these compounds was screened for antifungal activity against three clinical isolates of C. albicans (Candida 580, Candida 581, and Candida MEO47228), and the purified fraction showed good antifungal activity (24 h LC50 = 10 mg/L) [54]. Curiously, several secondary metabolites belong to the chemical class of polyketides, making it possible to establish a common structure-activity relationship (SAR), and marine sources have proved to be quite diverse.…”

Sea cucumbers-saponin ameliorates hepatorenal toxicity induced by Gentamicin in rats

“…Additionally, an estimation of the patients who gotten aminoglycoside anti-microbials treatment such as gentamicin for over 7 days of almost 8% to 26%, have demonstrated toxicity within the liver [5]. Gentamicin overdose prompts hepatotoxicity because of the mode of action on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which it suppresses, which leads to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species [6].…”

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“…Physiologically active triterpene glycosides of holothurians were discovered in the early 60-s and immediately attracted the attention of specialists with their broad spectrum of action. [1,3]. Glycoside holothurians interact with biological and model membranes containing natural sterols, with the formation of glycoside-sterol conductive complexes, dramatically increasing membrane permeability.…”

“…Experimental studies of the extract (containing triterpene glycosides of at least 550 µg / cm 3 ) and hydrolyzate (containing triterpene glycosides of at least 100 µg / cm 3 ) from Cucumaria japonica on the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands under acute stress were conducted. The absence of pronounced functional stress during acute stress was confirmed by the absence of hypertrophy of the cells of the adrenal cortex while maintaining their high mitotic activity, preserving the width of the lipid layer of the adrenal cortex.…”